-
-amine
-zine
- -antihx
- -1st generation
- -binds to both central & peripheral H1 receptor
-
-buterol
-proterenol
- -short acting beta 2
- -bronchodilator for acute asthma & COPD
- -Contra: cardiac, HTN, hyperthyroid, DM, sz
- -SE: cardiac, CNS, hyperglycemia, HypoK
-
-meterol
-butaline
- -long acting beta 2
- -prevention acute & COPD
- -contra: cardiac, HTN, hypethyroid, DM, sz
- -SE: cardiac, CNS, hyperglycemia, hypoK
-
-adine
- -antihx
- -2nd generation
- -pr: fexofenadine
- -selective for peripheral H1 receptor, minimal to central H1
- -do not cross blood-brain barrier
- -prophylactic tx of allergy
- -contra: glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, BPH
- -caution: cardiac, lung, renal, diabete, liver, peptic ulcer, sz, may increase CNS depression
- -SE: mild drowsiness, GI upset
-
-metaproterenol
short acting beta 2
-
terbutaline
long acting beta 2
-
SE hypoK, hyperglycemia
short and long acting beta
-
-contra: cardiac
-caution: HTN, hyperthyroid, DM, sz
short and long beta2
-
SE: cardiac, CNS, hypoK, hyperBG
short and long acting beta 2
-
anticholinergic effects
dry mouth, increase pulse, decreased bp, urine retention, constipation, blurred vision, dz
-
1st antihix contra
glaucoma, BHP, hyperthyroid
-
1st anihx caution
cardiac, lung, liver, renal, DM, peptic ulcer, sz. Not with MAO, CNS depressants, alcohol
-
anticholinergic bronchidilator
- COPD maintenance
- allergic and viral rhinitis (cold)
- -tropium
-
-
xanthine
- 2nd line COPD chronic
- contra: gastritis, peptic ulcer
- caution: cardiac, liver, pulmonary dis, children <6 month, muliple drugs
- SE: cardiac, CNS, overdose (range 11--15)
- -take prior to meal, w water, no crush
-
-sone, -lone, -ide (either intra nasal or inhaled)
- glucocorticoids
- -intranasal = fluticasone
- -inhale= beclomethasone
- -system = prednisone
-
Both intranasal & inhaled glutocorticoids
- budesonide (Pulmicort)
- flunisolide (Aerobid)
triamcinolone (Axzmacort), top/IM/SubQ/oral)
-
indication of glucocorticoids
inhaled = chronic asthma & COPD
systemic = acute, severe asthma & COPD, cancer (Hodgkin, leukemia, lympho) & adrenocortical insuf.
(after short acting beta 2 which q20min x 3-4dose)
-
contra of glucocorticoids
active infection
-
SE of inhaled glucocorticoids
- candidiasis
- hoarse
- masking of infection
-
SE of shorter tem system glucocorticoids
hyperglycemia (just like short & long term beta 2)
-
SE of long term system glucocorticoids
- adrenal insufficiency
- hyperglycemia (like short term and beta 2)
- mood changes
- cataracts
- peptic ulcer (just like antihx caution, xanthin contra)
- e-lyte imbalance
- osteoporosis
- masked infection
- Cushing
-
considerations of glucocorticoids
- intranasal & inhaled = around clock (take 1-2 weeks for full effect
- -inhaled =rinse mouth after
- -system = must be tapered to avoid lack of adrenal fucntion +-rebound
-
-
mast cell stablizer indcation
- -ASTHMA only
- -more for kids with known allergy
-
mast cell stablizer SE
uncommon - Cardiac/dysrhythimias, hypotension, chest pain
MDI (several weeks for max benefit)
-
leukotriene modifiers indication
chronic ASTHMA, adults/kids - allergy, excecise, cold
used in combination with beta 2 & corticosteroids
PO (up to 1 week except zileuton 2 hrs)
-
leukotriene SE
- contra: breast milk (zafirlukast)
- SE: ha, N/V/D, infection, cough, nasal congestion
-
-ephedrine, - ephrine
sympathomimetics (decongestants)
-
oxymetazoline (Afrin)
sympathomimetics prototype
-
sympathomimetics contra and SE
- intranasal: no longer than 3-5 days: rebound
- ALL ; HTN, cardiac, thyroid, diabetes (like short & long beta 2)
- SE intranasal = rebound
- oral/system = HTN, CNS
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