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Monophony
A single, unaccompanied melody
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Homophony
One melody of real interest combined with other sounds
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Polyphony
When two or more melodies are played or sung simultaneously
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Who were the first to write down music?
Monks and other clerics- church
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Chant
- AKA plainchant or Gregorian chant
- monophonic
- no established meter
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Hymn/mass
- Ex. Ave maris stella by Dufay
- Usually in homophony
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basso continuo
- made up of cellos, organs, and harpsicords
- This ties together the Baroque period
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Opera
- Drama presented in music, with characters singing instead of speaking
- Most characteristic of Baroque music
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Recitative
- The technique of decliaming words musically in a heightened, theatrical manner
- Used for plot action/dialogue
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Aria
Artists showing off more, to express more emotion, accompaniment with entire orch.
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Fugue
- One theme throughout
- Tends to have improvisation
- A polyphonic composition for a fixed number of instrumental lines or voices
- The Art of the Fugue by Beethoven
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Concerto
- Orchestra genre of the Baroque Era
- Contrast between an orchestra and a soloist
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Movement
A self contained section of music that is part of a larger work
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First movement
- A bright, extroverted piece in a fast tempo
- Ritornello form
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Second movement
Quieter, softer, and more emotional
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Third movement
- Fast again--if anything, faster than the first
- In ritornello form
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Ritornello form
- The orchestral music that usually starts the movement off
- Where soloists and orchestra take turns
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Variation form
- Uninterrupted repetition of one clearly defined melodic unit
- Changes that rouse the listener's interest w/o stopping the original unit/theme
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Cadenza
An improvised solo passage within a larger piece
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Exposition
- Beginning of the fugue
- all the voices present the subject in an orderly way
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Suite
- a collection of miscellaneous dances together in a genre
- Intended for listening, not dancing
- Written for an orchestra
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Overture
- Substantial piece of music introducing a play, opera, ballet
- In the ABA pattern
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Castrato
- very high pitched singer
- Farinelli
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Oratorio
- an opera on a religious subject
- AKA Messiah
- In the Baroque Era
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Symphony
A large, impressive concert piece for the orchestra
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Sonata form
Opening movement of every symphony
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Exposition
- a large, diverse section of music
- First part of the sonata
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Sonata form
Exposition (T1 T2) stable, development unstable, Recapitulation (T1 T2) Stable
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Rondo Form
- A simple form- to close movements
- Tend to relatively light
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