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biological contributions of reptiles
Shelled amniotic egg, tough waterproof skin, temporal openings: power jaw closure, internal fertilization/ water conservation.
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Characteristics of extant reptiles
Skin-epidermis with scales that shed periodically, dermis is thick and has chromatophores that give it color, powerful jaws, disarticulate jaws to swallow large prey, powerful limbs
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amniotic egg anatomy
- amnion- surrounds embryo and is filled with fluid.
- chorion- surrounds everything and lines the inside of the egg, used for gas exchange
- atlantois- water storage sac
- yolk sac- holds yolf, which is food for embryo
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parareptilia vs eureptilia
parareptilia is anapsids, eureptilia is diapsids(true reptiles)
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Archosaurs vs lepidosaurs
- archosaurs: birds, crocs, dinosaurs
- lepidosaurs: lizard ancestors
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Classification of reptiles
- class: reptilia
- subclass: anapsida, diapsida
- order: testudines, crocodylia, rhynocephalia, squamata
- suborders: turtles, eusucia, sphenodontida, sauria, serpentes.
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Rhynocephalia family characteristics
- tuatara
- new zealand
- dates from lower triassic period
- no intromittent organ
- slow metabolism
- weird teeth
- active at low temps
- longevity in lifespan extreme (60-100 years, possibly 200)
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convergence? example
- convergence is the evolution of similar traits in unrelated lineages.
- Example: tuatara looks like a lizard but has own order. Glass snake looks like a snake but is a lizard.
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Turtle Familiy Chelidae
sidenecks, snake neck family
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Turtle family podocnemidae
sideneck 2, shortneck family
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turtle family cheloniidae
sea turtles
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turtle family dermochelyidae
leatherbacks- major food is jellyfish
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turtle family trionychidae
softshells, bony shells covered with leathery skin.
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turtle family kinosternidae
mud and musk turtles
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turtle family chelydridae
snapping turtles
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turtle family emydidae
european pond turtles
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turtle family bataguridae
asian pond turtles
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Turtle shell significance and how it forms in embryos.
- Shell is living tissue, needs calcium, thus turtles bask in sun for vitamin D.
- Embryo construction of shell occurrs from expansion ofdermal tissue which guides ribs to top of the shell. Mobilization of the dermal bone forms the bottom shell.
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How does the turtle shell inhibit respiration and how do turtles deal with this?
- It is impossible for turtles to move ribs and expand chest cavity.
- their visceral muscles press and extend lungs.
- moving of the pectoral girdle helps lung breathing.
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Xeric Lizards
Live in dry conditions
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Cosmopolitan Lizards
can live anywhere
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cryptic lizards
camoflauge lizards
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What is the cool thing about being a cryptic lizard and having a dewlap?
Being able to attract mates during mating season with vibrations.
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What is the big deal about leglessness?
7 families are legless and over 65 species. Can be example of convergence. Ex. Glass snake is really a lizard
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What is being visual as far as using this sense as your major environmental detector due for color, prey detection, and mate attraction, and territoriality?
- Colors are used for reproduction, territory, defense, and communicatio.
- Heat is also visual on tropical lizards, as temperatures change, so do colors.
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What are two large supraorders of lizards? Differences? Which is most lizard like? What families belong to each? Which is more lizard like?
- Scleroglossans and iguanids.
- Scleroglossans use sight to find prey and attack. Natural predator skills.
- Iguanids use tongue to smell prey and attack. Ambush predators.
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Relation of lizards to what major plants and animals in evolution?
- Plant: gymnosperm plants of the jurassic period.
- animal: arthropods
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Which snake groups belong to colubridae?
- viperidae
- elapidae
- colubridae(70% of snakes)
- atractaspidae
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Difference between scolecophidia and other groups of snake skulls
- scolecophidia skull is made for digging. Cannot open mouths.
- Other snakes can open jaws really wide
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Which family is most diverse snakes? subfamily>?
Colubridae, colubrinae
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Differences in venom... which major snakes have different types?
- Viperidae are hemotoxic
- elapidae are neurotoxic
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Which family has the longest snake? heaviest?
- longest: reticulated python(pythoniae)
- Heaviest: anaconda(boinae)
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