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Terminology
- nephr/o , ren/o = kidney
- pyel/o = renal pelvis (where urine is collected)
- ur/o , urin/o = urine
- cyst/o = urinary bladder
- ur = urine , emia = blood (toxic condition)
- nephr = kidney , pathy = disease
- hydro = water , nephr = kidney , osis = full of
- nephr = kidney , ectasis = distention
- py = pus
- calculus / calculi = stone , lithiasis = presence of stones
- lith = stone
- Hydro = water
- ectasis = enlargement
- rrhagia = bleeding
- pyel = renel pelvis , itis = inflammation
- pyelo = renal pelvis , nephr = kidney , itis = inflammation
- cyst = bladder , algia = pain
- cyst/o = bladder , cele = hernia
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Terminology 2
- diur = increase output urine , esis = condition
- en = into , uresis = urination
- olig = scanty , uria = urine
- nephr/o = kidney , pexy = surgical fixation
- ureter/o = ureter , rrhaphy = surgical suture
- cyst = urinary bladder
- pexy = surgical fixation
- ostomy = create opening
- otomy = surgical incision
- ectomy = surgical removal
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Urinary Function
- Maintain proper balance of water, BP, salts, and acids
- Filters blood as it flows through kidneys
- Constant filtering to remove urea / wastes from blood
- Under high pressure
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Urinary Tract
- 2 kidneys
- 2 ureters
- 1 urinary bladder
- 1 urethra
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Kidneys
- Retroperitoneal
- On either side of spine below diaphram
- Posterior to peritoneum
- Above waist
- Right is lower than left because of liver displacement
- 5" long
- Primary organs
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Renal Cortex
Outer region of kidney
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Medulla
Inner region of kidney
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Nephron
- Functioning unit of kidney
- Under extreme high pressure
- Contains Glomerulus = clusters of capillaries surrounded by cup shaped membrane called Bowman's Capsule
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Renal Artery
Brings body's blood suply to nephrons
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Renal Vein
Takes blood away from kidney
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Urochrome
Pigment that gives urine its color
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Renel Pelvis
- Funnel shaped area where urine is collected
- Before Ureters
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Ureters
- Transports urine from kidney to bladder
- 10-12" long
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Urinary Bladder
- Hollow muscular organ
- Reservoir for holding urine before excreted from body
- Located anterior pelvic cavity behind symphysis pubis
- Stores about 1 pint
- Lined with rugae to allow expand and contract
- Trygon region has no rugae
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Urethra
- Tube from bladder to outside of body
- Females = 1.5" long
- Males = 8" long
- Dual role = Males = both urine and semen
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Urethra Meatus
External opening of the urethra
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Nephrologist
Kidney specialist
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Urologist
- Specialist of female urinary system and
- Genitourinary of male urinary system
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Nephrotic Syndrome
- High levels of protein lost in urine
- Damage to glomeruli
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Glomerulonephritis
- Bright's Disease
- RBC and proteins leak into urine
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Nephroptosis
Kidney falling out of place
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Colic
Spasmodic pains in abdomen
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Vesicovaginal Fistula
- Abnormal opening between bladder and vagina
- Allows urine to flow from bladder into vagina
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Dialysis
- Hemodialysis = waste products filtered in machine (most common) 6-8hr
- Paritonial Dialysis = filters inside body cavity (temp)
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Nephrons
- Blood filtered out in Bowman's Capsule
- Plasma travels through proximal convoluted tube (top)
- Then loop of Henle
- Then Distal Convoluted Tube (side)
- Urine formed and collected in collection tubes
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Urinary Bladder
- Projects upward as it fills
- can hold 350ml of urine
- Emptying reflex (voluntary control)
- At 700-1000ml (no voluntary control)
- Residual urine must stay in bladder to moisten (must never dry)
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Urethra
- Tube forms at neck exit of bladder
- Allows urine to leave body
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Incontinence
- Uncontrollable loss of urine
- Stress incontinence
- Overflow incontinence
- Urge incontinence
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