-
Which of the following would be considered an
accessory organ of the digestive system?
Pancreas
-
Which of the following lists the tubing in the
correct order of food movement?
- Oro, larynx, esophagus,
- stomach, pyloric valve
-
The regular contractions of the muscularis that
push food through the entire gastrointestinal tract are known as
Peristalsis
-
The muscularis of most organs of the
gastrointestinal tract consists of two layers of smooth muscle EXCEPT in the
Stomach
-
The pyloric sphincter is located at the junction
of the
stomach and duodenum
-
Which of the following has the lowest ph
gastric juice
-
salivary glands include
parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands
-
Salivary secretions
- aid in chewing and
- swallowing, initiate digestion of starches, are needed for tasting, moisten and
- lubricate food
-
The salivary enzyme amylase (ptylin) functions
to digest
carbohydrates
-
The small intestine is attached to the posterior
abdominal wall by a fold of the peritoneum called the
mesentary
-
Which of the following lists the tubing in the
correct order of food movement?
- Pyloric valve, duodenum,
- jejunum, ileum, ileocecal valve
-
The process of mastication results in
- mechanical mixing of food
- with saliva and shaping of food into a bolus
-
The functions of the gallbladder include
storage and concentration of bile
-
Gallstones are usually made of crystallized
cholesterol
-
The function of bile is to
emulsify fats
-
Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the
small intestine
-
the appendix is attached to the
cecum
-
Which of the following lists the tubing in the
correct order of food movement?
- ascending colon, hepatic
- flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon
-
The large intestine absorbs mostly
water
-
Which of the following lists the nephron regions
in the correct order of fluid flow?
- glomerular capsule,
- proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule
-
Which of the following lists the vessels in the
correct order of blood flow?
- afferent arteriole,
- glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries
-
Bowman's capsule is
- A double-walled funnel
- surrounding a glomerulus
-
The unit excretory structure of the kidney is the
nephron
-
Podocytes are cells specialized for filtration
that are found in the visceral layer of the
glomerular capsule
-
If the diameter of the efferent arteriole is
smaller than the diameter of the afferent arteriole, then
- blood pressure in the
- glomerulus stays high
-
In the myogenic mechanism of renal
autoregulation
- smooth muscle in afferent
- arterioles triggers vasoconstriction to decrease GFR
-
The uptake of substances from the lumen of the
kidney tubules is known as
tubular reabsorption
-
The normal daily volume of urine produced is
1000 minus 2000 ml
-
The function of the cremaster muscle is to
raise and lower testes
-
Teestosterone is produced by
Leydig/interstitial cells
-
Sperm production in the male requires a scrotal
temperature that is
cool
-
The process of crossing-over, or recombination,
of genes occurs during
prophase I or meiosis I
-
Final maturation of sperm cells occurs in the
epidydmis
-
The acrosome of a sperm cell contains
- hyaluronidase and
- proteinase enzymes
-
The principal androgen is
testosterone
-
The normal number of spermatozoa per milliliter
of semen is
100-150 million per ml
-
Which of the following does NOT manufacture products that become part of semen?
penis
-
The female structure that is homologous to the
penis is the
clitoris
-
Which of the following help move the oocyte into
and through the uterine tube?
fimbraie at the end of the fallopian tube
-
The epithelium of the vaginal mucosa is
- stratified squamous
- epithelium
-
The perineum is bounded by the
- pubic symphysis, ischial
- tuberosity, coccyx
-
The part of the female reproductive system that
is shed during menstruation is the
- stratum functionalis of the
- endometrium
-
During the menstrual cycle, the endometrium
would be at its thickest
late in the post ovulatory phase
-
During the menstrual cycle, progesterone would
be at its highest levels at
post ovulation
-
During the menstrual cycle, progesterone is
produced by
corpus luteum
-
If fertilization does not occur, the corpus
luteum
degenerates into the corpus albicans
-
The folds of the peritoneum attaching the uterus
to either side of the pelvic cavity are called the
broad ligaments
-
The opening between the cervical canal and the
uterine cavity is called the
external os
-
What percentage of sperm cells introduced into
the vagina normally reach the oocyte?
less than 1%
-
How many days after fertilization does
implantation of the blastocyst occur?
6 days
-
The human gestation period is about
38 weeks
-
How many pairs of autosomes does a normal human have?
22
-
The main target for ADH is the
kidney
-
The islets of Langerhans are the endocrine
portion of the
pancreas
-
The primary stimulus for the release of insulin
- increasing blood glucose
- levels
-
Which of the following correctly lists the
levels of organization from least complex to most complex?
- Chemical, cellular, tissue,
- organ, system, organism
-
The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in
the body is known as
metabolism
-
The two body systems that regulate homeostasis
are the
nervous and endocrine
-
A person in an anatomical position will exhibit ALL of the following EXCEPT
palms against the lateral sides of the thighs
-
Anabolism is
the synthesis of matter
-
The four elements making up about 96% of the
body's mass are represented by the symbols
C,H,O,N
-
Peptide bonds are found
in protein
-
The smallest unit of matter that retains the
properties and characteristics of an element is the
atom
-
the function of ATP is
to store energy
-
the most abundant inorganic substance in the human body is
water
-
Which of the following represents accurate
base-pairing in DNA molecules?
- Adenine to thymine and
- cytosine to guanine
-
Organelles that contain enzymes for production
of ATP are
mitochondria
-
A function of mitosis is
growth and cell replacement
-
The process of transcription involves production of
mRNA from a DNA template
-
Solution A contains 5% NaCl dissolved in water.
Solution B contains 10% NaCl dissolved in water. Which of the following best
describes the relative concentrations of these solutions?
- Solution B is hypertonic to
- Solution A
-
Which of the following lists the phases of the
cell cycle in the correct sequence?
- G1 phase, S phase, G2
- phase, mitosis, cytokineses
-
The tissue that forms glands is
epithelial
-
Which of the following tissues provides the
greatest protection from mechanical injury?
Elastic cartilage
-
The type of epithelium seen in the urinary
bladder is
transitional epithelium
-
The most abundant tissue in the body is
connective tissue
-
The function of keratin is to
- make the skin tough and
- waterproof
-
The epidermis is made up of
- stratified squamous
- epithelium
-
Sweat is produced by
suderiferous glands
-
Cyanosis is indicative of
- insufficient oxygen in
- blood
-
Shaft of a long bone is the
diaphysis
-
Bone grows in diameter by
- appositional growth on the
- Periosteal side of the bone
-
ALL of
the following bones would be produced via endochondral ossification EXCEPT the
frontal
-
ALL of
the following terms refer to processes or projections from bones EXCEPT
fossa
-
The pituitary gland is located in the
- sella turcica of the
- sphenoid bone
-
ALL of
the following are in the proximal row of carpal bones EXCEPT the
hamate
-
The prominence of the elbow is formed by the
- olecranon process of the
- ulna
-
The main function of the appendicular skeleton
is to
facilitate movement
-
A synarthrosis is a(n)
- joint that permits very
- little or no movement
-
Dense connective tissue connecting one bone to
another bone describes a(n)
ligament
-
The greatest range of motion occurs at
ball and socket joints
-
The ability of a muscle to stretch without being
damaged is
extensibility
-
Myosin is seen in
thick filaments
-
The refractory period is the time
- following a stimulus during
- which a muscle cell cannot respond to another stimulus
-
The neck is divided into anterior and posterior
triangles by the
sternocleidomastoid
-
The group of muscles known as the hamstrings
includes the
- biceps femoris,
- semitendinous, semimembranosus
-
Collections of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS are called
ganglia
-
The autonomic nervous system is divided into
- sympathetic and
- parasympathetic
-
White matter of the nervous system is composed
of
- aggregations of myelinated
- axons
-
What would normally be found within the central
canal of the spinal cord?
CSF
-
The cauda equina is
- the roots of the spinal nerves
- hanging inferiorly from the inferior end of the spinal cord in the vertebral
- column
-
Spinal nerves are considered mixed, which means
that
- they contain both afferent
- and efferent fibers
-
The function of arachnoid villi is to
reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid
-
The primary motor area of the cerebral cortex is
located in the
precentral gyrus
-
Light is an appropriate stimulus for
photoreceptors
-
Neurons that transmit impulses from the
receptors to the central nervous system are called
sensory or afferent
-
The central fovea is
- the area of highest visual
- acuity on the retina
-
The auditory (Eustachian) tube connects the
middle ear and nasopharynx
-
To say that most organs served by the ANS have “dual innervation” means that
- the organs are innervated
- by both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons
-
Most autonomic sensory neurons are associated
with
interoreceptors
-
The percentage of total blood volume occupied by
RBCs is called the
hematocrit
-
Formed elements that are biconcave discs about
7–8 mm in diameter are
erthrocytes
-
The layer of the heart wall responsible for its
pumping action is the
myocardium
-
The left ventricle wall of the heart is thicker
than the right wall in order to
- pump blood with greater
- pressure
-
Vascular resistance depends on
- size of the lumen of the
- blood vessel, viscosity of the blood, total blood length
-
Which of the following is NOT considered a function of the respiratory system?
- Production of red blood
- cells
-
Which of the following lists the structures in
the correct order of air flow?
- Nasopharynx, oropharynx,
- laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea
-
A function of type II alveolar cells is to
produce surfactant
-
Boyle's law states that
- at a constant temperature,
- the volume of a gas varies inversely with the pressure
-
When the diaphragm contracts,
- the size of the chest
- cavity increases, the lungs expand to fill the extra space in the chest cavity,
- air from outside rushes into the lungs, introthoracic pressure decreases
-
The bicuspid valve is located between
- the left atrium and left
- ventricle
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