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Presbyopia
Far sightedness associated with againg (decreased elasticity and ability to focus)
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Astigmatism
abnormal curvature of the cornea and or lens
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Strabismus
Squint or cross eyes
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Nystagmus
- involuntary abnormal movement of both eyes
- happens with dissiness
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Conjunctivitis
- Superficial inflammation/ infection of conjunctive lining eyelids
- Cause - alleryg irritating chemcials
- S&S red itchy watery eyes
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Keratitis
- Corneal infection/ inflammation
- servere pain & photophoia
- can be related to viral infection (herpes) or trauma
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Glaucome
- Increase intraocular pressure cauase by accumulation of aqueous humor
- S&S: insidious, decrease vision in periphery first, eye pain, HA, halos around lights
- Rx: eyedrops to decrease secretion of aqueous humor or to constrict the pupil, laser, acute glaucome may require surgery
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Cataracts
- progressive opacity or clouding of lens. degeneration related to aging or metabolic problem
- progression
- Rx: if interfers with function - surgery
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Detached Retine
- Acute problem retine tears
- Causes: makred myopia, degeneration with aging or scar tissue, loss of function of retinal cells results in an area of blackness in the visual field
- Rx: surgical intervention or laser therapy
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Macular Degeneration
- age related
- more common inPt with diabetes
- centeral vision blurred then lost
- depth perception
- Rx: laser and medication sometimes helpful
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Hearing loss
- Conduction Deafness: sound is blocked in external or middle ear
- Congenital: can be inherited or trauma during birth, interferes eith speech and social development
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Sensorineural
- damage to auditroy nerve VIII or organ of Corti
- Causes: infection, headt trauma, neuro disorders, ototoxis meds, prolonged or sudden exposure to loud noises
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Otitis media (ear infection)
- More of a problem with children due to the anatomy of the ear and the length of time in recumbent vs upright
- Usually bacterial and treated with antibiotic may need surgery for tues
- Viral infection can lead to ear infections wirht are still bacterial
- Symtoms: severe ear pain, fever nausea, can rupture mebrane, discharge from ear
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Otosclerosis
- Progressive hardening of the bones of the inner ear with potential resultant deafness
- surgical procedures may be healful to preserve some healing
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Menieres Syndrome
- Inner ear or labyrinth disorder common to adults
- increased fluid realted to vascular problem
- Attacts tat may last mintures or hours
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