national goals set every 10 years to focus on national health concerns
overall goals are to increase quality of life and
years of healthy life to eliminate health disparities
specific goals have
41 areas of focus
how many of those goals directly relate to physical therapy practice
24
what is physical activity
any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in energy expenditure
what is exercise
considered a subclass of physical activity
defined as planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement
done to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness
major risk factor categories
inherited/biological
age
gender
race
susceptibility to disease
environment
physical – air, water, noise, unsafe highways
social economical – income, housing, employment, status, education
family – divorce, death of a loved one, children leading
behavioral
smoking
poor nutrition
drinking alcohol
activity
overuse of medications
fast driving/no seatbelts
pressure to succeed
Mortality Data
what are the top seven causes of death in the United States
heart disease
cancer
stroke
chronic lung disease
accidents
Alzheimer's disease
diabetes
what is the #1cause of mortality in the United States
heart disease
age for men and women
women >55
men > 45
family history
myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, or sudden death before 55 years of age and father or male first-degree relatives, or before 65 years of age and mother or other female first-degree relative
sedentary lifestyle
no participation in at least 30 min. of moderate intensity ( 40 – 60% VO2R) physical activity on at least three three days of the week for at least three months
obesity
body mass index > 30 kg m2 or waste girth > 102 cm for men and > 88cm for women
hypertension
systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic > 90 mmHg, conference by measurements on at least two separate occasions, or on hypertensive medication
dyslipidemia
>130 mg dL or high density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg dL or on lipid lowering medication
if total serum cholesterol is all that is available use >200 mg dL
prediabetes
>=100 mg dL
tobacco use
causes vasoconstriction
increased blood viscosity
decreased 02 and blood
increases release of epinephrine
may increase blood glucose
serum cholesterol
total
<200 mg/dL
LDL
70 – 160 mg/dL (<100 optimal for CVD)
HDL
40 – 60 mg/dL (> 40 is optimal)
total cholesterol/HDL ratio
3.5 is optimal
what accelerates atherosclerosis
type II diabetes
prediabetes
what is atherosclerosis
caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries, which supplies the heart with blood and oxygen
where the major risk of atherosclerosis
smoking
diet high in saturated fats
diabetes
family history
sedentary lifestyle – how often should you exercise each week
should exercise 30 min., three times a week
goal is five times a week
what factors can be modified to adjust cardiovascular fitness
smoking
body weight
blood glucose
diet
activity level
which factors cannot be modified
age
family history
gender
Cancer
what are the major risk factors of cancer
tobacco use
high fat or low fiber diet
alcohol
occupational and environmental exposure
lack of exercise
what is the deadliest cancer in the United States affecting both men and women
lung cancer
what is the deadliest cancer in the United States affecting men
prostate
what is the highest incident cancer in females
breast cancer
Strokes
where are the risk factors
high blood pressure
tobacco use
elevated serum cholesterol
physical inactivity
Chronic Lung Disease
what are the risk factors
tobacco use
occupational and environmental exposure
Accidents
what are some accidents that occur
seatbelt not use
cycle helmet nonuse
alcohol and other substance abuse
reckless driving
occupational hazards
guns in the home
stress and fatigue
Alzheimer's Disease
true or false – this is currently moving up in the list
true
what are some of the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease
family history
smoking
lack of aerobic exercise
atherosclerosis
high blood pressure
Diabetes
90 – 95% of diabetes type II is associated with
overweight and obesity
accelerated atherosclerosis is caused by
impaired metabolism
what is a leading cause of death worldwide
infection and parasitic diseases– third world countries
Syndrome X Or Metabolic CV
increased resistance ( type II diabetes)+ dyslipidemia – abnormal triglycerides + hypertension + obesity ( especially abdominal) = deadly quartet
