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Genetics_ExamReview2

  1. ___________ discovered that x-rays cause mutations.
    ___________ did virulent/nonvirulent bacterial experiments.
    ___________ concluded that transforming factor in bacteria is DNA.
    ___________ use radioactive tracers in bacteriophages.
    • 1.) Herman Muller
    • 2.) Frederick Griffith
    • 3.) Maclyn McCarty
    • 4.) Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

    * Must Grin, make her cheese.
  2. _________ are where sister chromatids are joined and where microtubules attach during separation.
    Centromeres.
  3. A histone has _____ subunits, and contributes (positive/negative) supercoils to the DNA.
    • 1.) 8
    • 2.) negative
  4. _________ of the histone tails causes 30 nm filament formation (decreasing gene expression).
    _________ causes 10 nm filament formation (allowing histone sliding and increasing gene expression).
    • 1.) Methylation of arginine
    • 2.) Acetylation of lysine
  5. At any given time, the cell only has enough NTPs to make ___ % of the cell's nucleic acids.
    1 %
  6. Which type of enzyme is used to phosphorylate the NMPs to make NDPs and NTPs?
    A kinase.
  7. What pyrimidines are produced by the De Novo synthesis pathway? Purines?
    • Just UMP. CTP is made by aminating UTP.
    • Just IMP, which is converted to ATP or GTP.
  8. List the process to synthesize TTP (dTTP)
    • 1.) Pyrimidine De Novo synthesis of UMP.
    • 2.) UMP --> UDP (NERD only works on NDPs)
    • 3.) UDP --> dUDP
    • 4.) dUDP --> dUTP --> dUMP ==> dTMP (by thymidylate synthase and methylenetetrahydrofolate)
  9. What happens to methylenetetrahydrofolate after reacting with thymidylate synthase? How is it converted back to tetrahydrofolate? What cofactor is involved?
    • 1.) It exists as dihydrofolate
    • 2.) Dihydrofolate reductase
    • 3.) NADPH
  10. Hydroxyurea is a chemotherapy drug. How does it work?
    It inhibits ribonucleotide reductase (NERD).
  11. Fluorouracil is a chemotherapy drug. How does it work?
    It inhibits thymidylate synthase.
  12. Methotrexate and aminopterin are chemotherapy drugs. How do they work?
    They inhibit dihydrofolate reductase.
Author
jdonaldson
ID
8466
Card Set
Genetics_ExamReview2
Description
Exam review material, 2
Updated

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