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Psychoanalytic Theory
animalistic instincts
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Behaviorists
humans are like blank slates
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Reductive Analytic Approach
- reducing people to common factors
- example: libdio or environmental contingencies
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Holisitic Analytic Approach
rounding out the picture of human beings
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Higherarchy of needs
- instinctoid
- needs lower in the hierharchy are more powerful in determining our behavior and are shared with other animals
- the higher the need the later it emerges as they come later in our personal development
- satisfaction of higher needs is more desirable than that of lower needs
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Physiological Needs
are themost potent and powerful needs. if they are not met that is what life becomes centered around
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Safety
be able to live lives without uncertainty and danger
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Beloningness and Love
- feeling connected to the people around us
- feeling loved and cared for
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Esteem
have people regard you positively and have you feel positively about yourself
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Self-actualization
- been able to reach their full potential
- a continuous process of becoming
- the majority of people do not reach this level
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Self Actualized people are characterized by:
- Being Values (B-values) metamotives
- more objective in their world view
- growth motivation
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Nonactualizing people are governed by
- need directed perception (D-perception or D-cognition)
- ex. dishonesty, evil, ugliness, choas, etc...
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Characteristics of Self-actualized persons
- 1. percieve reality accurately and fully
- 2. demonstrate greater acceptance of self, others, and nature in general
- 3. Exhibit Sponateity, simplicity, and naturalness
- 4. concerned with problems instead of self
- 5. Quality of detachment and need for privacy
- 6. autonomous, independent of environment
- 7. continued freshness of appreciation
- 8. mystic peak experiences
- 9. indentify with all of human kind
- 10. develop few friendships
- 11. accept democrtic values
- 12. strong ethical values
- 13. well developed sense of humor
- 14. creative
- 15. resistent to encultutration
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Hierarchy of needs
- most progress occurs in the order shown
- some become fixated at the lower levels
- some achieve higher levels despite the lack of satisfaction of the lower needs
- all human beings possess a desire to know and possess asthetic needs
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Why self actualization is not universal
- according to maslow only a small percentage of the population achieves a degree a self actualization
- 1. weakest of needs and easily impeded
- 2. People fear the kind of knowledge about themselves that self actualization requires
- 3. cultural environment can stifle
- 4. childhood influences can impede
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Jonah Complex
- fear of greatness
- a fear of success which prevents people from being self actualized.
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