CCT Lab Data

• – The essential oxygen carrier of the blood
• – A protein used by RBC’s to distribute oxygen to other tissues and cells in the body

• Remember "15" as a normal value
• Ranges Adult
• Male 14.0 - 17.4 g/dl
• Female 12.0 -16.0 g/dl
• Pediatric 11.0 - 16.0 g/dl
• Neonate 10.7 – 17.1 g/dl

• – The percentage of red blood cells (RBC) in a volume of whole blood
• – Refers to the amount of blood that is occupied by RBC’s
• • It’s like chocolate milk: how much of it is chocolate and how much of it is milk

• (42)
• Ranges Adult
• Male 39% - 49%
• Female 34% - 44%
• Pediatric 32% - 45%
• Neonate 33% - 55%

• – Adult 4,000 - 10,000 (cell/mcl) **
• – Pediatric 5,000 - 10,000 (cell/mcl)

• Ranges Adult -5**
• Male 4.2- 5.6M/ul
• Female 3.8– 5.1M/ul
• Pediatric 3.5– 5.0M/ul
• Neonate 3.3– 5.5M/ul

• • Main defender of the body against
• – Infection
• – Antigens
• • High levels may indicate an active infection

• • Should account for anywhere between 38% and 80% of the WBC count
• • Ranges
• Adult 50% - 75% **
• Pediatric 30% - 60%

• High levels are found in allergic reactions
• • Ranges 0% - 1%

• Produces the anti-inflammatory protein histamine
• Ranges 1% - 5%

• Bear the major responsibility for carrying out the activity of the immune system
• Adult 15% - 40%

• Responsible for removal of debris
• • Ranges 2% - 6%

• • Sodium
• • Potassium
• • Chloride
• • Bicarbonate
• • Magnesium
• • Phosphorus
• • Calcium

• • Involved in metabolic activities
• • Essential to the normal function of all cells
• • Positively and negatively charged molecules
• – Called ions
• • Intracellular
• • Extracellular(Interstitial)
• • In the bloodstream
• • In other fluids throughout the body

• Potassium
• phosphate
• magnesium

Sodium and chloride

Ranges 135 - 145 mEq/L

• The major extracellular cation and osmotically active solute
• • Major functions are
• –Water balance
• – Transmission of nerve impulses
• • Deficits lead to neurological changes

• • Urine
• • Sweat
• • Feces

• Increased sodium level caused by
• • Water excess - Diuetics/ Diarrhea
• • Sodium loss
• – Manifestations
• • Confusions
• • Seizure

• • Diluting the sodium
• • Promoting excretion
• • Consider fluids (D5W)
• • Consider diuretics
• – Avoid rapid rehydration with hypotonic fluids
• • Can cause fluid shifts

• The principle cation in intracellular fluid
• Plays a crucial role in the formation of electrical impulses in nerves and muscle

• High level is above 5.0
• Broken cells would cause falsely elevate potassium levels
• – Referred to as hyperkalemia
• – DKA
• – Metabolic Acidosis
• – Uremia
• – Iatrogenic
• • Hemolysis
• It is considered severe over 8.0
• • Widening of the QRS complex
• • Bradycardia
• • Eventually, ventricular standstill

• • Calcium Chloride – Acts as a cardiotonic
• • Sodium Bicarbonate- forces K back into the cells.
• • D50 – Counter acts the effect of Insulin
• • Insulin – Forces potassium back into the cell
• – Can also be given if the patient is showing signs of
• impending arrest

Low serum potassium is referred to as hypokalemia and occurs when the serum potassium level falls below 3.5

• • Treatment consists of replacing K+ with KCL.
• • NEVER push IV

Ranges 3.5- 5.0mEq/L

• A negatively charged ion found primarily in extracellular fluid.
• • Ranges 95 - 110mEq/L

• Magnesium deficits MUST be corrected before it is possible to correct the potassium deficit.
• Diuretics, diarrhea and alcoholism are 3 very common causes of magnesium depletion.
• Over ½ of the total body stores are located in bone and less than 1% is in plasma.

Complete heart block can be seen at serum levels of 7.5 mEq/L and respiratory depression and coma can occur at serum levels of 10mEq/L.

1.3– 2.2 mEq/L

22- 26 mEq/L

• The equivalence of cations in a solution always balances the equivalents of anions.
• [Na + K] - [Cl + HCO3] = anion gap

• < 12
• (>12 is Metabolic Acidosis)

60- 120 mg/dl

• • Ranges 10- 20 mg/dl
• – Elevated
• • Renal Failure
• • Dehydration
• • GI Bleed
• •Low- Protein deficiency

• The most important indicator of glomerular filtration rate and is a by/product of normal muscle metabolism.
• Ranges 0.6mg/dl – 1.2mg/dl

• CK Adult Male 96– 140U/L
• MB Adult Male 0% - 5 %

• • Troponin I < .01
• • Troponin T < .01

• intracellular storage site for oxygen.
• • Ranges Male < 90ng/ml

• Commonly used to assisst in the diagnosis and monitoring of Congestive Heart Failure
• Normal value: < 100

• • The PT is used to monitor Coumadin therapy.
• • Ranges 11 sec - 13 sec

• • The PTT is used to monitor heparin therapy
• Ranges 30 sec – 45 sec

• Ranges 130 – 400 k/mcl
• Thrombocytopenia is the term used for a low platelet count.