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What are some cognitive deficits of Alzheimers disease?
- memory loss (anterograde memory)
- language loss
- visuospatial disturbance
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What are some behavior changes of Alzheimers disease?
- no early personality changes
- unawareness (denial)
- psychosis (late)
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Where would alzheimers damage be located?
- hippocampus
- etorhinal cortex
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Where would signs of Alzheimers be located on an FDG scan?
- Hippocampus
- Etorhinal cortex
- ----due to hypometabolism
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What would a PIB scan show if a patient has alzhimers?
Increase in amyloid
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What are some cognitive deficits of FTD?
- Dysfxn in exec. processes
- good memory, language, spatial skills
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What are some behavioral changes in FTD?
- personality changes
- poor judgement, disinhibition
- socially inapprop.
- frontal release signs
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Where would FTD damage be located?
Frontal and Anterior Temporal cortex
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On an FDG scan, what would you see if a patient has FTD?
frontal HYPO-metabolism (shrinkage)
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What would you see on a PIB scan for someone with FTD?
nothing
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What are the 3 causes of Dementia?
- Neurodegenerative disorder (AD & FTD)
- Vascular (multi-infarct)- Lacunar strokes
- B12 deficiency (reversible, give vitamins)
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What is the pathology of Alzheimers or the 2 hallmarks of them?
- Neurofibrillary tangles
- Amyloid plaques
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How can a Alzheimers patient maintain cognition?
- through a cognitive reserve:
- cognitive and social interaction (it's a muscle, so work it out)
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Which dementia is more common, AD or FTD?
Alzheimers--found primarily in older individuals
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What is the pathology of FTD?
Neurofribillary tangles (TAU)
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What are some causes of demetia?
- Cerebral vascular disease
- Causal genes
- Risk Genes
- Head trauma (over time--> dementia)
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What do the causes of dementia lead to?
devrese in neural, synapse, and neurotransmitter #
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What are some ways to prevent/help with dementia?
- estrogen replacement
- education-->increase in memory
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What are a couple ways to treat AD?
- Cholinergic replacement (helps with cell membrane formation)
- anti-amyloid agents
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Are there any treatments for FTD?
no
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What are some reversible causes of dementia?
- depression (pseudodementia)
- B12/folate deficiency (can't absorb b12, but replace it)
- Hypothyroidism
- Neurosyphilis
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What are soem diseases that can lead to dementia?
- prion disease
- bovine spongiform encephalophaty
- Kuru (cannibalism)
- Creutzfelt-Jakob disease
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What part of the brain degenerates which leads to loss of acetylcholine?
basal ganglia
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Which secretase is the bad one whichleads to the buildup of amyloid plaque?
Beta
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In AD, which lobe is inactive in an FDG/PET glucose scan?
Temporo-Parietal..there are patches inteh brain which show a decrese in glucose utilization
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Cognitive reserve refers to
B. The relative resilience that those with more mental abilities show to neuropathology
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Which of the following is the number 1 type of dementia in low socio-economic status?
B. Vascular(multi-infarct)dementia
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