Hypocalcemia AND hypercalcemia

  1. What is hypocalcemia?
    <2.1(?)
  2. What causes hypocalcemia?
    • Chronic renal failure (via decreased production of Vit D)
    • Hypoparathyroidism
    • Vit D deficiency
    • Calcium sequestration due to: pancreatitis, massive blood transfusions (>6 units), rhabdo, tumor lysis syndrome
  3. What are sx of hypocalcemia?
    • Perioral paresthesias
    • Increased DTRs
    • +Chvostek's and Trousseau's sign
    • Irritability, psychosis, depression
  4. What does hypocalcemia show on an EKG?
    A prolonged QT interval
  5. How do you tx acute hypocalcemia?
    Calcium gluconate 1-2g IV over 20 min
  6. How do you tx chronic hypocalcemia?
    Oral CaCO2 and Vit D if indicated
  7. How do you tx hypocalcemia in a renal failure pt?
    Phosphate binders, calcitriol
  8. What is hypercalcemia?
    >10.5(?)
  9. What are causes of hypercalcemia?
    • Hyperparathyroidism
    • Malignancy (SCC, breast, renal, bladder, myeloma)
    • Vit D intoxication
    • Increased bone turnover (Paget's)
  10. What are sx of hypercalcemia?
    • "bones, stones, abdominal groans, psychic moans"
    • Altered mental status, dehydration
    • Fractures, osteopenia, nephrolithiasis
    • Abd pain, anorexia, N/V, fatigue, weakness
  11. What labs do you order with hypercalcemia?
    • Calcium
    • albumin
    • Ica
    • PTH
    • PO4
  12. What do EKG changes show with hypercalcemia?
    short QT interval
  13. How do you tx acute hypercalcemia?
    Saline + loop diuretics
  14. How do you tx hypercalcemia caused by malignancies?
    Bisphosphonates, refer to onc
Author
bigfootedbertha
ID
84394
Card Set
Hypocalcemia AND hypercalcemia
Description
For my upcoming nephrology exam
Updated