-
what movement does contraction of the triceps brachii cause?
extension of the elbow
-
which of the following is true?
fixators stabilize joints to allow other movements to take place
-
which is a muscle of mastication?
masseter
-
what is the origin of the transversus abdominis muscle?
linea alba
-
what is the orientation of fibers of the internal abdominal oblique muscle?
cranioventral
-
abdominal muscles are involved in all of the following actions except
back extension
-
what muscle antagonizes the pectoral muscle?
deltoid
-
which of the following is a muscle of the antebrachium?
extensor carpi radialis
-
what muscle has the achilles tendon on its distal end?
gastrocnemius
-
which of the following contracts during inspiration?
diaphragm
-
what type of muscle is referred to as voluntary striated muscle?
skeletal muscle
-
what is the name of the basic contracting unit of skeletal muscle?
sarcolemma
-
which of the following is true?
acetylcholine is realeased by synaptic vesicles into the synaptic space
-
what structure connects muscles to bones?
tendons
-
which of the following is false?
when an impulse reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum, it causes the release of potassium ions into the sarcoplasm
-
which phrase lasts longest in a twitch contraction?
relaxation phase
-
what compound provides energy to convert adenosine diphosphate back to adenosine triphosphate?
creatine phosphate
-
incomplete glucose breakdown that occurs during anaerobic metabolism can cause this by-product
lactic acid
-
what type of muscle is called involuntary striated muscle?
cardiac
-
what cells have multiple nuclei?
skeletal
-
what is the function of intercalated disks?
- they transmit impulses from cell to cell
- they securely fasten cells together
-
in a healthy heart, where does the pace at which cardiac muscle cells contract originate?
right atrium, specifically the sinoatrial node
-
which of the following is true?
sympathetic fiber stimulate the heart to beat harder and faster
-
what structures are the attachment sites for actin and myosin in smooth muscle cells?
dense bodies
-
where would involuntary nonstriated muscle be found in an animal's body?
the uterine wall
-
which statement is false?
contractions of multiunit smooth muscle are not automatic
-
this muscle raises the head
splenius
-
this muscle helps to extend the hip joint and flex the stifle
semimembranosus
-
these cells do not have a striped appearance under the microscope
smooth muscle
-
during a fight or flight response, this part of the autonomic nervous system decreases activity in the digestive system
sympathetic
-
these are also called voluntary striated muscle
skeletal muscle
-
this connective tissue layer binds fascicles together within a muscle
perimysium
-
this muscle forms the floor of the muscular abdominal wall
rectus abdominis
-
in skeletal muscle this is the large white band made of actin
I band
-
this is the name of the dark line in the center of the large white band in skeletal muscle
Z line
-
this muscle closes the jaws
masseter
-
this type of muscle contains intercalated discs
cardiac
-
this is the cell membrane of a muscle fiber
sarcolemma
-
when an animal is sleeping, this part of the autonomic nervous system enhances activity in the digestive system
parasympathetic
-
this is an aponeurosis
linea alba
-
these muscles have no bony attachments
cutaneous muscles
-
these shorten during muscle contraction
smooth muscle
-
oxygen is stored in muscle fibers on this molecule
myoglobin
-
this muscle flexes the head and neck
sternocephalicus muscle
-
this is the outer covering of the entire muscles
epimysium
-
these muscle cells are not organized in regular, parallel sarcomeres
sarcomere
-
a broad flat tendon that attaches muscle to another muscle is called an aponeurosis (t/f)
true
-
adduction means moving the limb away from the median plane (t/f)
false
-
extension involves a decrease in the angle between two bones (t/f)
false
-
magnesium is the key electrolyte required for both in muscle contraction and relaxation (t/f)
false
-
organophosphate poisoning causes muscle spasms because it enhances the action of acetylcholinesterase. the antidote is calcium (t/f)
false
-
sodium is the key electrolyte involved in muscle contraction and relaxation (t/f)
false
-
the insertion of the muscle is
attachment of th muscle to the bone at the most mobile end of the bone
-
a flexor muscle does which of the following?
decreases the angle of a joint
-
an extensor muscle does which of the following?
increases the angle of a joint
-
an adductor muscle does which of the following?
moves the muscle toward the midline of the body
-
a rotator muscle does which of the following?
moves a limb or structure about a point
-
the midventral aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles is called the
linea alba
-
which type of muscle is involuntary, striated and has intercalated disks?
cardiac
-
which type of muscle is voluntary and multinucleated?
skeletal
-
which type of muscle is involuntary, non-striated and has a centralized single nucleus in spindle-shaped cells?
smooth
-
which type of muscle requires direct nerve stimulation?
skeletal
-
the muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from th thoracic cavity is the
diaphragm
-
the origin of the muscle is the
attachement of the muscle to the bone at the least mobile end of the bone
-
the two types of muscle that do not require direct nerve stimulation to function are
cardiac and smooth
-
the uterus is an example of
smooth muscle
-
when giving an injection into the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles we must be careful to avoid the
sciatic nerve
-
what occurs when skeletal muscles are not used or the nerve supply is lost?
atrophy
-
which vitamin deficiency may lead to white muscle disease?
vitamin E
-
which mineral deficiency may lead to white muscle disease?
selenium
-
which of the following is commonly associated with exertional rhabdomyolsis?
- stiff gait
- dark red colored urine
- excessive exercise
-
in which disease would you see myoglobinuria?
exertional rhabdomyolysis
-
which of the following is true about white muscle disease?
it primarily affects calves and lambs
-
a blood chemistry test used to assess muscle damage is
CK
-
a common site for IM injections in the rear limb of the horse is the
semimembranosus
-
which IM injection site should be used only as a last resort in the equine due to the increased risk of developing non-draining abscesses?
pectoral
-
a ligament attaches
bone to bone
-
rigor mortis is caused by
lack of ATP to pump the calcium back into the tubules
-
which muscle(s) is/are affected by the disease masicatory myositis?
-
which type of tissue attaches muscle to bone?
tendons
-
of the following, which drug is most effective against severe musculoskeletal pain?
fentanyl
-
which drug is a mixed opioid agonist/antagonist?
butorphanol
-
of the following, which drug is a pure narcotic antagonist?
naloxone
-
which drug is commonly used as a muscle relaxant?
methocarbamol
-
what are common side effects of most NSAID's?
bleeding & GI upset
-
what are common side effects of most opioids?
vomiting
-
what are common side effects of most corticosteriods?
PU/PD
-
which of the following is an important use for corticosteriods?
- treating inflammation
- controlling pruritus
- suppressing immune reactions
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