What is the morphological species
concept? Biological species concept? Phylogenetic species concept?
morphological- basis of visible anatomic characteristics.
biological- reproductive isolation
phylogenetic- phyogenies of populations- the tiniest branches of the tree of life grouped together.
The biological and phylogenetic
species concepts derive from what?
from evolutionary theory.
Define speciation. Is it assocated with microevolution or
macroevolution?
speciation- process of new species formation.
microevolution.
True or false: Microevolutionary processes that
lead to population divergence produce new species.
True
What is sexual selection? How does it affect male and female birds? Be able to recognize examples of
sexual selection in different species.
choice of mates based on their phenotypes and genotypes.
picky about who the want. does dances.
Define subspecies, ring species,
cline. Know examples for each.
subspecies- races- local variants of species, interbreed but have selective pressures. EX rat snake
cline- genetic variation across geographical gradient. EX house sparrow
ring species- have genetic variation around uninhabital to rain, distant populations exchange genes through intermediaries. EX salamanders.
True or False: If a species can be divided into 4 subspecies, the members of the different subspecies cannot mate with each other and produce
fertile offspring.
False.
True or false: When a species is distributed over a large area with grades in temperature, we see a cline in the species. (know the North American sparrow example discussed in class.)
What is a reproductive isolating
mechanism?
a biological characteristic that prevents gene pools from two different species from mating.
What is the difference between a
prezygotic isolating mechanism and a postzygotic isolating mechanism?
pre- prevent the production of hybrid individuals and occur before zygote formation.
pro- reduce the success of hybrid individuals and occur after zygote formation.
List the 5 prezygotic isolating mechanisms, the mode of action, and give examples of each.
List the 3 postzygotic isolating
mechanisms, the mode of action, and give
examples of each.
-hybrid inviability (sick)
-hybrid sterility EX mules
-hybrid break down EX tigers.( offspring of a hybrid are sickly or inviable
Understand temporal isolation among
cicadas as discussed in class.
isolation from mating timing.
What is a hybrid? How are hybrids named? What is a chimera?
Hybrid-
male first part of name, female last part.
a single animal organism with genetically distinct cells from two different zygotes
Define the three types of speciation:
allopatric, parapatric and sympatric.
allopatric- between geographically separated populations (most common)
parapatric- adjacent populations
sympatric- within one continuosly distributed population
Be sure you understand the examples
discussed in class for both allopatric and parapatric speciation.
