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Why should conversations about prejudice and discrimination be undertaken?
- prejudice and discrimination spread by not having respectful dialogue
- discussing the issues eliminates alienation btw people
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Within families and communities, narratives about "other" groups
- spread stories about how things came to be and what is significant
- myths become truth
- belief systems lead to discrimination
- "butterbattle book"
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How can narratives about "other" groups surface in a work environment?
- policies
- hiring and retention practices
- interpersonal relationships
- organizational power
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There are potential areas of conflict when individuals of different cultures interact, including:
- language
- norms, values
- identity, sense of self
- space, organization
- directness, disclosure
- non-verbal comm
- dress
- concept of time
- social behaviors
- work habits
- value of work
- management, negotiation styles
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Ethnocentrism in behavior contriutes to conflict
by believing that your perspective is "correct", preferable, and superior
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What is "Ethnocentric Syndrome?"
behavioral tendencies manifested when interacting with individuals considered to be out of group
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The characteristics of ethnocentric syndrome include
- in group pride
- judgement
- lack of empathy
- stereotyping
- exaggeration of "bad" characteristics
- ignoring history
- mistrust
- fear
- ignoring individualisation
- scapegoating
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Self awareness is important because
it can keep one's perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral processes from detrimentally affecting inter-group relations
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projection
- attributing to others the characteristics that are in fact derived from our own assuptions
- rough lady at chilis
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transference
- a concept used in a therapeutic relationship response to an individual based on patterns of relationships in the past
- client to professional
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counter-transference
a helping professional responds to a client based on patterns of previous experience with individuals of similar backround
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resistance
form of misinterpretation of cultureal differences
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Defence mechanisms
psychological reactions designed to maintain psychological stability and integration in the face of stress
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self hatred
- internalize things about themselves
- problem child
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denial
- present all over
- cultural identity
- deny association to particular group
- "pass" on that cultural characteristic
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acceptance
- feel resentful because forced to accept
- appear enculturated
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obsessive sensitivity
always on the defense
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ego enhancement
effort to compensate for feelings of insecurity
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aggression
- what is causing aggression?
- coincides with obsessive sensetivity
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Skill 1: Understanding culture as multilevel
Culture is both subjective and objective
culture is both subjective and objective
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subjective
meaning systems often unrecognized by those in the culture
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objective
patterned behaviors and habits
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micro
- between two individuals
- most intimate
- cultural issues emerge
-
meso
- mezzo
- small group
- family/friends
- more complicated
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exo
individual has a lot less power/interaction
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macro
- county, state, country
- power is with system- not individual
- it affects you way more than you affect it
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personal culture plays into the dynamic of culture being multileveled:
- personal identity (each is complex)
- reactions are influenced by previous experiences and interpretations (at all levels)
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Skill 2: "Understandin teh Barriers"
Personal/Interpersonal barriers to relationship
- language
- stereotypes
- discrimination
- judgement
- stress
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language
- verbal/nonverbal
- carbonated beverages
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stereotypes
fuction as a lens to how we see others
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discrimination
always before factor
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stress
- not able to process and function
- normally they are vulnerable
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Organizational/Institutional Barriers
Policy, procedures, programs
- how is someone going to be treated?
- handouts/directions not in their native language
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Gender issues
- influence expectations
- secretarial positions
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Assumptions of U.S. National Culture about Diversity
- The US is a meritocracy
- americans do not have a culture
- if it is different, it is wrong
- do not talk about diversity
- do not admit prejudice
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US is a meritocracy
- we believe that people have equal access/ not always the case
- don't assess for unequal barriers
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Americans do not have a culture
individuals functionaly individually
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if it is different, it is wrong
ethnocentrism
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do not admit prejudice
- we aren't prejudice!
- creates frustration
- biases and vulnerabilities
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Skill 3: "Practicing culturally centered communication skills"
14 directives
- be nonjudgemental
- be flexible
- be resourceful
- personalize observations
- pay attention to thoughts and feelings
- listen attentively
- observe carefully
- assume complexity
- tolerate the stress of uncertainty
- have patience
- manage personal habits
- keep a sense of humor
- show respect
- show empathy
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Be nonjudgemental
- give people a fair chance
- II Cor. 10.5
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be flexible
- adjust
- readjust
- don't make situation about you
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be resourceful
research co-workers' cultural differences
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personalize observations
- "I" messages
- take ownership
- don't blame
- reflect back on what you THINK they said
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listen attentively/observe carefully
eye contact differences
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assume complexity
- it isn't simple
- think about how complex everything is when it comes to culture
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tolerate the stress of uncertainty
avoid showing irritation with something you're unfamiliar with
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have patience
- be patient and persistent
- pause- be okay with uncertainty
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manage personal habits
twirling hair
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keep a sense of humor
don't take yourself so seriously
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Using personal directives, how can the dialogue process be started?
- premise that each person will focus on listening and learning the other's viewpoint
- acknowledge desire to understand, resolve
- all parties are involved
- everyone is allowed full expression of thoughts and feelings
- environment must be safe for exchange to take place
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what should be done to recover if and when conflict occurs
- acknowledge issue
- discuss options
- if necessary, get a mediator
- reestablish trust
- be active to address problems
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how can you foster lifelong competency skills?
- focus on self awareness
- accept differences
- learn about cultures
- foster relationships
- take opportunities
- work on skills
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