bio ch 18

mitotic phase during which daughter chromosomes move toward the poles of the spindle

programmed cell death involving a cascade of specific cellular events leading to death and destruction of the cell

short, radiating fibers about the centrioles at the poles of a spindle

dark-staining body in the nuclei of female mammals that contains a condensed, inactive X chromosome.

repeating sequence of cellular events that consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

cellular structure, existing in pairs, that possibly organizes the mitotic spindle for chromosomal movement during mitosis and meiosis

constriction where sister chromatids of a chromosome are held together

central microtubule organizing center of cells. in animal cells, it contains two centrioles

indentation that begins the process of cleavage, by which human cells undergo cytokinesis

exchange of segments between non sister chromatids of a tetrad during meiosis

division of the cytoplasm following mitosis and meiosis

cell that arises from a parent cell by mitosis or meiosis

change in chromosome structure in which the end of a chromosome breaks off or two simultaneous breaks lead to the loss of an internal segment; often causes abnormalities

cell condition in which two of each type of chromosome are present in the nucleus

change in chromosome structure in which a particular segment is present more than once in the same chromosome

union of a sperm nucleus and an egg nucleus, which creates a zygote

haploid sex cell; the egg or a sperm, which join in fertilization to form a zygote

the n number of chromosomes - half the diploid number; the number characteristic of gametes, which contain only one set of chromosomes

member of a pair of chromosomes that are alike and come together in synapsis during prophase of the first meiotic division

member of a homologous pair of chromosomes

period between meiosis I and meiosis II, during which no DNA replication takes place.

cell cycle stage during which growth and DNA synthesis occur when the nucleus is not actively dividing

change in chromosome structure in which a segment of a chromosome is turned around 180 degrees; this reversed sequence of genes can lead to altered gene activity and abnormalties

type of a nuclear division that occurs as part of sexual reproduction in which the daughter cells receive the haploid number of chromosomes in varied combinations

mitotic phase during which chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the mitotic spindle

type of cell division in which daughter cells receive the exact chromosomal and genetic makeup of the parent cell; occurs during growth and repair

microtubule structure that brings about chromosomal movement during nuclear division

one less chromosome than usual

failure of homologous chromosomes or daughter chromosomes to separate during meiosis I and meiosis II, respectively

production of an egg in females by the process of meiosis and maturation

cell that divides so as to form daughter cells

in oogenesis, a nonfunctional product; two to three meiotic products are of this type

mitotic phase during which chromatin condenses so that chromosomes appear; chromosomes are scattered

in oogenesis, the functional product of meiosis I; becomes the egg

one of two genetically identical chromosomal units that are the result of DNA replication and are attached to each other at the centromere

production of sperm in males by the process of meiosis and maturation

pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I

group of symptoms that appear together and tend to indicate the presence of a particular disorder

mitotic phase during which daughter chromosomes are located at each pole

movement of a chromosomal segment from one chromosome to another non homologous, leading to abnormalities; down syndrome

one more chromosome than usual

diploid cell formed by the union of sperm and egg; the product of fertilization