2 MAIN oral health issues in adolescence & adulthood are the PREVENTION & TREATMENT of:
1.) Caries
2.) Periodontal Disease
Adolescence -
the period of PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, & SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT between CHILDHOOD & ADULTHOOD
5 Things Adequate Intakes of Energy Foods & Nutrients are REQUIRED for:
1.) Growth
2.) Physical Maturity
3.) Metabolism
4.) Activity
5.) Preventing Chronic Disease
INSUFFICIENT Energy or Nutrient Intakes can LIMIT 4 Things:
1.) Growth Potential
2.) Delay/Arrest Puberty
3.) Impair Tissue Healing
4.) Compromise Immunity
The RATE of 3 things DETERMINES Nutrient & Energy Requirements:
1.) Physical Growth
2.) Metabolism
3.) Activity
Emotional & Psychological states INFLUENCE 2 Things:
1.) Food choices
2.) Meal patterns
T/F: Growth rate ACCELERATES with pubescence (puberty) UNTIL it is AS RAPID as that of early infancy.
TRUE!
Long bones, secondary sexual maturation, & fat & muscle deposition create an ________ nutrient requirement.
INCREASED
Who's nutrient requirements are GREATER: boys or girls?
BOYS!
Boys: 3800 kcals
Girls: 2900 kcals
___% of the adult skeletal mass is formed DURING adolescence.
45%
What nutrient needs are GREATER during adolescence than at any other time of life?
CALCIUM!
1300mg/day
What vitamin deficiencyis PREVALENT in teen girls?
Vitamin D
2 Reasons WhyIron needsare INCREASED during adolescence:
1.) EXPANDED blood volume & muscle mass
2.) Blood loss due to menstruation
6 Things That AFFECT Adolescent's Nutrition:
1.) Peer pressure
2.) Stress
3.) Overweight
4.) Eating disorders
5.) Soft drink consumption
6.) POOR food choices
What has the GREATEST INFLUENCE on eating choices?
Peer Pressure
2 Nutrients that stress can DECREASE the utilization (use) of:
1.) Vitamin C
2.) Calcium
Teens & Soft Drink Consumption: (4)
Soft drink consumption is SOARING
Soft drinks are REPLACING milk in the teen diet
This has a MAJOR IMPACT on bone development
Soft drinks CAUSE caries
Teen Food Choices are: (6)
1.) HIGH-Calorie
2.) HIGH-Fat
3.) HIGH-Sugar
4.) HIGH-Sodium
5.) LOW-Fiber
6.) LOW-Nutrient foods
T/F:Unhealthy eating behaviors may be considered SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE or DESIREABLE by peers.
TRUE!
FREQUENT intake of food away from home, ESPECIALLY fast foods, can result in a dietary pattern of 3 Things:
1.) HIGH-Fat2.) HIGH-Sugar3.) LOW-Fiber
Cigarette use, alcohol use & substance abuse are associated with a LOWER intake of 2 Things:
1.) Fruits
2.) Vegetables
Adulthood -
state of being FULLY grown or mature
4 MAIN Reasons for GOOD nutritionDURING adulthood:
1.) Health PROMOTION
2.) Chronic disease PREVENTION
3.) MAINTAIN oral tissue & supporting structures
4.) SUPPORT a FUNCTIONAL immune system
T/F: The IDEAL DIET for the oral & systemic health of adolescents provides ADEQUATE nutrients & energy to meet individual needs for growth or weight maintenance, metabolism, & activity.
TRUE!
T/F: Adolescents should LIMIT the exposure to Fermentable Carbohydrates (CHO's).
TRUE!
Diet habits are INGRAINED in a person's: (3)
1.) Tradition
2.) Culture
3.) Religion
WHEN doesMaximum Linear Growth OCCUR for adolescents?
Females: between ages 10-13; just BEFORE menarche
Males: between ages 12-15
Nutritional requirements are GREATEST during the years of Maximum Growth. What are the requirements for females & males during these years?
Females: 2,071-2,368 kcals; 34-46g Protein
Males: 2,279-3,152 kcals; 34-42g Protein
2 Things Adolescents may be at an INCREASED RISK for later in life DUE to INSUFFICIENTCalcium&/orVitamin D:
1.) Osteoporosis
2.) Periodontal Disease
HIGH ________ intakeis REQUIRED to SUPPORTbone growthto ATTAINpeak bone mass.
HIGH-Calcium intake
Women with LOW milk intakes DURING childhood & adolescence have: (2)
1.) LESS bone mass in adulthood
2.) INCREASED RISK of fractures
ADDITIONAL ironis NEEDED for thesynthesisof what 2 Things at the time of the Pubertal Growth Spurt?
1.)Myoglobin
2.) Hemoglobin
Iron deficiency occurs in__%ofadolescent girls.
9%
T/F:Iron recommendationsfor females EXCEEDS that for males.
TRUE!
4 MAJOR dietary sources of Iron for adolescents:
1.) Ready-to-eat cereals
2.) Fortified yeast breads
3.) Bakery products
4.) Pasta
2 Things that a person's eating habits can AFFECT:
1.) Caries RISK
2.) Enamel demineralization
T/F: You should LIMIT the contact timeBETWEEN the teeth&fermentable CHO'sto MINIMIZEplaque development&activity.
TRUE!
2 Things to do AFTER exposure to REDUCE caries risk:
1.) RINSE with water
2.) BRUSH with fluoridates toothpaste
3 Adolescents & Adult Diet-Related Issues:
1.) Environment
2.) Weight concerns
3.) Eating disorders
Adolescents & Environment: (3)
Teens typically spend LESS time with their immediate family while they STRUGGLE to establish an identity & seek autonomy
Peers have a GREATER INFLUENCE than parents have on food choices & dietary (diet) habits
Peers INFLUENCE how, when, what, & where foods are consumed
Adulthood & Environment: (2)
Adulthood is a MORE stable state because of the MORE maturephysical, emotional, & cognitive processes
Social, geographic, &/or financial CHANGES in the environment may INFLUENCE adults diet by affecting access to food, resources for food, or time for food preparation
7 Things thatWeight Gain orWeight Loss ProgramsDURING Adolescence may LEAD to:
1.) MARGINAL nutrient intake
2.) IMPAIRED growth
3.) IMPAIRED tissue maintenance
4.) IMPAIRED healing
5.) IMPAIRED immune function
6.) INCREASED susceptibility to oral & systemic disease
7.) Linear growth LIMITATIONS & pubertal DELAY
T/F: Eating disordersare COMMONLY present DURING adolescence & early adulthood.
TRUE!
4 Underlying CAUSES of Eating Disorders:
1.) Sexual abuse
2.) Depression
3.) EARLY detachment from Mother
4.) Media influences
Night Eating Syndrome -
is CHARACTERIZED by morning anorexia, evening hyperphagia, & insomnia
subjects are conscious of their nocturnal eating
it INCREASES RISK of obesity & caries
Nocturnal Sleep-Related Eating Disorder -
CHARACTERIZED by MULTIPLEwaking & eating episodes of which the individual is NOTconscious
it INCREASES RISK of obesity & caries
4 Red Flags for Eating Disorders:
1.) Enamel demineralization
2.) Tooth hypersensitivity
3.) Mucosal trauma
4.) Xerostomia
5 Dental Treatmentsfor Eating Disorders:
1.) Oral prophylaxis
2.) Fluoride treatment
3.) Home care guidance
4.) Pain palliation (relief)
5.) LIMITED restoration
5 Nutritional Treatments for Eating Disorders:
1.) EVALUATING average daily intake
2.) EXAMINING weight for height (BMI)
3.) DETERMINING trigger & avoided foods
4.) ESTABLISHING a working eating plan
5.) ENCOURAGING development of a healthy body image
3.) Alcohol provides 7 kcals/gram when METABOLIZED & may CONTRIBUTE to EXCESS energy intake
4.) LOW food intake & ALTEREDnutrient metabolism place individuals with FREQUENT alcohol intake at RISK for malnutrition
2 Things about Recreational Drugs:
USE of addictive drugs (Marijuana, Cocaine, Nicotine) ALTERS food choices & dietary habits DURING both addiction & withdrawal
Rampant caries is a HALLMARK of Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse---it is attributed to Xerostomia, FREQUENT sugared beverage consumption, & POOR oral hygiene
Eating disorders occur MAINLY in:
Young Adults
Root caries BEGIN to APPEAR in:
Middle Age
T/F: Nutritional risk factors of adolescents tend to be problems of excess RATHER THANdeficiency.
TRUE
6 Food Habits that may INCREASE Risk of Caries &/or Erosion:
1.) Vitamin C supplements
2.) Vitamin C lozenges
3.) Hard candy
4.) Breath mints
5.) Sour candies
6.) Lemon wedges/slices
1.) Vitamin C Supplements:
ascorbic acid is acidic
when supplements are chewed, the risk of erosion INCREASES, particularly with MULTIPLE exposures throughout the day