Not only microorganisms play important roles in medicine. Agriculture, and industry, but they also are excellent models for understanding cellular processes in both unicellular and multicellular organisms.
True
Which of the fallowing is a characteristic of all living systems (microbial cellular life)?
Evolution
communication
reproduction
Which of the fallowing statements is true?
Insulin is and example of products generated by microbes using genetic engineering
Microorganisms can change the characteristics of their habitat
More microorganisms in nature are beneficial than harmful
To which group of microorganisms is the generation of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere attributed?
Cyanobacteria
______ that live in nodules on legume plants (e.g. soybean) can convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia.
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Which of the fallowing statements is true?
Robert koch identified causative agents of anthrax and turberculosis
According to Kock's postulate after you observe the suspected microbe in the disease organisms for the first time under the microscope, what must you do next?
Grow the organism is pure culture
which of the fallowing reasons describes correctly?
Louis pasteur discovered that alcoholic fermentation was a biologically mediated process
Which of the fallowing microscopes does use visable light to illuminate cells?
Bright-field
phase-conrast
fluoresence
What is the advantage of phase contrast microscopy over staining?
Can view live cells
In gram positive and negative cells, _____ makes the Gram stain possible to distinguish one from the other and ________ can be used for counterstaining.
Peptidoglycan; safranin
If you wish to generate a three-dimensional image of a biofilm, which type of microscopy would you use?
Confocal scanning laser microscopy
What kind of microscopy would you use to examine a specimen coated with a thin film of gold?
Scanning electron miroscopy
The process by which mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from descendants of Bacteria is called ______ because they contain _______ chromosome.
Endosymbiosis; circular
Disease-causing pathogenic prokaryotes are found exclusively among bacteria.
True
The hyperthermophiles are mostly a part of what group?
Crenarchaeota
The highest level of biological classification is domain. Three distinct lineages of domains include prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses.
False
Which of the fallowing statements is true?
Lichens are an example of a mutualistic relationship between two groups of protists
algae are photosynthetic partner organisms in lichens
Eukaryotc microorganisms are collectively known as protists
rRNA is an excellent molecule for determining phylogeny. Which of the following steps correctly describes a procedure of phylogenetic studies?
Isolation of DNA, Amplification of rRNA gene, Sequencing, Generation of phylogenetic tree
complementary base pairs of DNA are held together by ______
hydrogen bonds
Whats are thee things that make up nucleotides and what two things make up nucleosides?
Nucleotides: Cs sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base Nucleoside: Cs, sugar, phosphate
Which of the fallowing statements are true about hydrophobic interactions?
Hydrophobic interactions are weak bonds that occur when nonpolar molecules, or nonpolar regions of molecules, associate tightly in a polar environment.
Hydrophobic interactions play important riles in enzymes binding substrates
hydrophobic interactions play important riles in protein conformation
The most abundant class of macromolecule by dry weight in a prokaryotic cell is the nucleic acid including DNA and RNA
false
What are the reason why the polarity of water is important?
Many macromolecules are also polar and readily dissolve in water
Forces nonpolar substances to aggregate
Makes water cohesive
Which of the fallowing correctly describes regarding polysaccharides?
Monomeric units in polysaccharides are linked by glycosidic bonds
Ethers are found in the lipids of ______.
Archaea only
What statements does correctly describe the role of nucleotide?
Major component of nucleic acids
carriers of sugars in biosynthesis of polysaccharides
regulatory molecule for certain enzymes
A peptide bond is formed when amino group(-NH2) and _____ join together and water is ____.
Carboxylic acid group, released
In the secondary structure of polypeptides, different folding provides different properties. Which describes this
Alfa-helix provides more flexibility and beta-sheet provides more rifidity
What properly describes protein denaturing?
Protein denaturation occurs in either reversible or irreversible reactions
Which of the fallowing is true?
In general, lipids in the archaeal membrane lack fatty acids
If you had a cell with the structure listed below what would be the outermost layer?
Slime layer
which type of cell would be affected by lysozyme?
Gram-positive bacteria
What does not correctly describes the transport system?
The energy source used by lac permease to transport lactose across the cytoplasmic membrane is ATP
Ketodeoxyoctonate is a sugar found in _____ regions of LPS and Toxiccomponent of LPS is found in _____ region.
Core polysaccharide; lipid A
A similarity between pseudomurein and peptidoglycan includes _____
N-acetylglucosamine(NAG)
The digilycerol tetaether molecule within the membrane structure of the ______ yeilds a lipid and _____.
Archaea/monolayer
Which of the fallowing is involved in twitching motility and genetic exchange between cells?
Pili
Prokaryotes that lack cell walls include _____.
Mycoplasmas and Thermoplasmas.
Which of the fallowing correctly describes endospores?
They enable organisms to endure extremes of temperature, drying, and nutrient depletion
They are complex structure contaning dipicolinic acid that is absent from vegetative cells
