Mus 100 Final

• WWI: 1914-1918
• WWII: 1939-1945

• blurring of harmonies, rhythms, forms
• avoiding clear cadences and rhythmic patterns
• produces sensations rather than representations of objects

• example of impressionism music focusing on sensations and perceptions rather than direct representation
• attemped to create images of "waves" or "sails" through music
• from Paris

• an Indonesian ensemble where a number of instruments play melodies in interlocking patterns
• not notated
• series of ostinatos

repeating musical patterns of different lengths and tempos

• 6 notes equally spaced within the octave as opossed to the typical 7-note scale
• all notes seems to be equally important

• focusing on the ancient or un-enlightened
• features driving, percussive rhythm drawing from folk music

• wrote the ballet "The Rite of Spring"
• Russian, Primitivist, Neo-Clasicist

2 tonalities going on at the same time being dissonant

5-notes scale capturing a folk-like sound form Russian folk songs

a composer who retained musical elements from the past while experimenting with new ones

• intense self-expression
• contrast the passivity of impressionism
• "giving voice to the unconscious, to humanity's deepest and darkest emotions
• assoicated with the "Second Viennese School"

composers tried not to emphasize any single tone over another

• Austrian
• wrote "Pierrot lunaire" about a love sick clown

• "speech-voice"
• soprano sings throughout in a manner that is btw speech and song
• singer hits precise pitches but doesn't hold them which creates a eerie, disassoicated sort of sound that fits with the text

accentuates ratios and rationality

• -1st women to ever win a Guggenheim Fellowship to study in Europe for awhile
• -Modernist
• - composed with a conscious effort to avoid using some of the most basic elements of music

• all 12 notes in the scale are heard once before any is repeated
• there is no tonal center

both hand play the same music but they are an octave apart

music is punctuated by brief but important, moments of silence that divide the work into 5 sections

the most widely used and systematic means for avoiding repeition and tonality

melody in a serial compositon that can be manipulated in retrograde, inversion, and retrograde inversion

• composer of Americana
• piece= "Hoe Down" from Rodeo

an energetic, duple-meter dance assoicated with square dancing

finding the sounds of America

• piece= 4'33"
• audience sounds, ambient noise,etc. create the piece
• post-modernist
• Born in LA
• audiences were forced by his music to rethink the nature of music and the world around them

characterized by a rejection of objectivity; truth is completely realitive

• music created by change
• composers decided certain things about the piece and performers and other factors determine other factors about the piece

• orchestral tone clusters
• kind of postexpressionism and sonorism

a highly dissonant, closely space collection of pitches sounding simultaneously

• manipulation of sound masses
• typically assoicated with the 1960s

• worked with orchestra clusters
• Transyian
• Stanley Kubrick made his pieces famous without his permission

• Polish
• experiemental notation, extended instrumental techniques
• thrrenody

a poem or its musical setting, expressing a strong feeling of grief for the dead

• contains many styles
• all jazz contains improvisions

"King of Ragtime"

• pre-jazz music for the piano associated with saloons and illict establishments
• rhythms, melodies, and performances formed basic traditons of jazz
• contains syncopation throughout

discrete units of music juxaposed to create a complete piece; each section has its own melody

• famous orchestra had 15 players that were interested in concertos and concert pianos
• swing music

danceable style of jazz that emerged in the 1930s featuring large ensembles/ big bands

underlying rhythmic pattern in jazz music

trumpet plays a higher pitch

the first performing the main tune

bebop

new style of playing that used smaller ensembles that was used for listening, not dancing with a strong emphasis on inprovistation and solos

small ensembles of 5-7 players used in the bebop style

• musical genre derived from African American performance traditions that uses "blue notes" and tells first person studies of hard knocks and love games gone wrong
• typically 12-measures

• made a deal with the devil to sell his soul for abililty to play music
• blues

• pitches are flatter than the standard major scale
• the instrumentalist lowers the notes as mood and emotional inflection indicate

• composer of cool jazz, modal jazz, and fusion
• influential for all-star band of preformers, much more accesible that bop stylings, introduced mode-based jazz to the next generation of improvisers

music containing sounds that are not loud and tone qualities that are not rough or brassy; very similar to bop

slow moving harmonies

• mixes elements of rock with jazz due to the increasing unpopularity of jazz
• electronic instruments

hard-bop composer

• an evolution from bebop, increasing speed, virtuosity, and harmonic complexity
• written as an exercise to improvising through chord progessions with few shared notes

Free jazz music

• the practice of improvising music free of present chord progressions
• emphasis on texture over melody
• very little pre-composed material with lengthy tracks

Jazz-Fusion group who combined jazz elements with many different musical styles

• instruments were not limited to a role
• melody or rhythm could come from any performer

• variety show featuring performers in blackface with no plot. but spread music from shows around the country
• first significant form of popular music entertainment
• led to Vaudeville (variety show), Revue (topical show with loose plot), and musical theather

nickname for 28th street in NYC which housed a large number of music publishers geared toward popular music that sold large quanitites of sheet music

• american bands
• directed a military band before preforming his own independent band
• bands toured throughout Europe performing marches, virtusoic, solos, orchestral pieces and popular music

• "The Prisoner's song"
• the second best-selling song btw 1900-1950

doctored folk style fofr a popular audience with trained voices, and viola used instead of a fiddle

• combined elements of blues, jazz, and country music
• frequently used the steel guitar

the goal of folk is not to have trained voices and musical sohistication but instead to focus on text about common people and common problems

• blues form, accessible and danceable
• popular style encompassing many trends, including blues and dance music
• Black music

• orignially party of R&B but became its own
• strong backbeat with 2 guitars, bass, drums, and piano
• written to appeal to young audiences

in 4/4 meter with each beat subdividing into 3 pulses

shuffle rhythm comes to an abrupt halt 6 times punctuating ends of sections of the song

after each vocal line, the guitar echoes the singer's melody with slight variations

• uses 3 chords
• bass player's sound highlights when the chords change

a spoken drama with a substantial amount of singing

various characters are drawn into the scene as the strory plays out

• based out of Detriot- "Motortown"
• record label- Mototown featuring black performers
• highly polished, slick sounds with back-up singers
• R & B and pop