Psyc final Ch. 14

How do families serve society?

a view of the family as a complex set of interacting relationships influenced by the larger social conflict

The study of "families" has evolved from one emphasizing the mother-child relationship in a unidirectional way (mother to child) to what?

Influences on child development are....

Important contributions of external social networks:

The contributions of external social networks results in:

The Parenting Styles identified by Baumrind:

this type of parent is very strict, punshiment oriented, little/no rewards for good behavior, epect unquestioned obediance, lots of rules often unreasonable

these types of parents combine reasonable rules, standards, and consequences with warmth, open communiation, and nurturing

these types of parents have few/no rules, no consequences, may be warm and supportive

These types of parents are detached, withdrawn, absent, neglectful.

What are the two dimensions of parenting that Maccoby and Martic identified?

Maccoby and Martin's dimension of Demandingness:

Maccoby and Martin's dimension of Responsiveness:

Maccoby and Martin's two dimensions of parenting tyles results in 4 parenting styles:

Baumrind identified 3 aspects of Authoritative parents that set them apart from the other styles:

In middle childhood the amount of time children spend with parents dramatically declines. New issues include:

What do effective parents use?

as the child becomes more mature and responsible, the parent gradually gives them more control and independence.

School aged children seek _____ but still recognize they need their _____ AND claim their parents ar the most important individuals in their lives.

Adolescence: need for autonomy has both an ______ and ____ component and is closely related to their quest for ______.

The most adaptive situation: adolescents achieve autonomy in a warm and supportive family leads to:

Authoritative Parents: establish flexible _____, open ______, and an atmosphere of ____ and _____ gradual modification of _____ with increasing age.

In Conflict-ridden families, autonomy takes on a different importance as it allows the adolescent to .....

The average # of children decreased from ____ to _____ over 40 years.

Children in smaller families:

____ is believed to contribute to the observed negative effects of growing up in large families

Pros of having only one child:

Cons of having only one child:

Adopted children are more likely to exhibit learning or emotional problems, probably because of....

Genetic differences between child and adoptive parents may threaten....

Children adopted LATER (after infancy) are more likely to have:

The vast majority of adoptive parents report being _____ with their choice and experiences (even those with special needs children.)

Adopted children commonly report unresolved curiosity during their _____ years--- as they search for their ______.

Generally speaking, children raised in gay and lesbian families are equal to children heterosexual families in....

Gay and Lesbian parents are more likely than heterosexual parents to use ______ parenting style and promote _____.

_____% of American children have one parent who has never married. Of these ____ % are mother and ____% are fathers.

The largest demographic group having children and remaining single are _____ women.

The most common problem amongst single mothers is _____. This is believed to account for the behavior and academic problems more commonly observed in their children.

____% of marriages end in divorce, and ___% of those involve children.

At any given time, _____ of children in the US live with only one of their parents.

_____ of divorced parents remarry.

The effects of divorce vary from child to child, largely depending on:

What are the immediate consequences of divorce?

Children may react with distress and anger, which result in _____

What are the longterm conseqences of divorce?

Important factors for long-term outcomes of divorce:

When does divorce have less negative outcomes?

What are the most common type of blended families?

Blending families is a ______ transition for most children.

What can make blending families more difficult?

Who has the most problems with transition of blending families?

Remarriage of the _____ is especially disruptive if he/she has custody.

Who struggles more with divorce?

_____% of all mothers in the US are emplyed.

Generally speaking, children of mothers who enjoy their work and remain committed to parenting show very favorable adjustment, including:

Children of working mothers develop more equalitarian values about _____.

Daughters of working mothers.....

When a mom is working, less favorable outcomes occur when?

What are effects of daycare?

In general, researchers agress that, children below age ____ are not equipped to handle emergiencies and should NEVER be left alone.

In general researchers agree that younger school-aged children who spend more time alone have more _____ problems.

In general, researchers agree that self-care outcomes are greater if the child:

________ does the best job of explaining how and why abuse happens.

What factors contribute to divorce?

What parent variables contribute to abuse?

What child variables contribute to abuse?

What family variables contribute to abuse?

How do communities contribute to abuse?

How do cultures contribute to abuse?

What cultures is child abuse loest in?

Consequences of Maltreatment:

How many victims of abuse repeat the CYCLE?

Preventing Maltreatment:

Problems with intervention for abuse