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Inferior courts
The lower federal courts, those beneath the supreme court
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Appeal
A legal proceeding in which the appellant resorts to a higher court for the purpose of obtaining a review of a lower court decision and a reversal of the lower court's judgment or the granting of a new trail
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Jurisdiction
- The authority of a court to hear (to try and to decide) a case
- The right, power, or authority to administer justice by hearing and determining controversies
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Exclusive jurisdiction
Powerof the federal courts alone to hear certain cases
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Concurrent jurisdiction
Power shared by federal and state courts to hear certain cases
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Plaintiff
In civil law, the party who brings a suit or some other legal action against another (the defendant) in court
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Defendant
In a civil suit, the person against whom a court action is brought by the plaintiff; in a criminal case, the person charged with the crime
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Criminal case
A criminal case, in the federal courts, is one in which a defendant is tried for committing some action that congress has declared by law to be a federal crime
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Civil case
A case involving a noncriminal matter, such as a contract dispute or a claim of patent infringement.
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Docket
A court's list of cases to be heard
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Writ of certiorari
An order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up the record in a given case for review; from the latin meaning "to be more certain"
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