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part of the coping process that involves making decisions about whether a stimulus is stressful, benign, or irrelavant
primary appraisal
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part of the coping process during which people evaluate their options and choose coping behaviors
secondary appraisal
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coping that occurs before the onset of a future stressor
anticipatory coping
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a type of coping in which people try to prevent having an emotional response to a stressor
emotion-focused coping
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a type of coping in which people take direct steps to confront or minimize a stressor
problem-focused coping
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a cognitive process in which a person focuses on possible good things in his or her current situation, looking for the "silver lining"
positive reappraisal
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comparing oneself to those who are worse off
help people coping with serious illnes
downward comparisons
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strategy of infusing ordinary events with positive meaning
ex: diabetes will force you to eat right
creation of positive events
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the ability to adapt to life changes by vieweing events constructively
hardiness
commitment, challenge, control
stress-resistant
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a pattern of behavioral and physiological responses to events that match or exceed an organism's ability to respond
stress
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an environmental event or stimulus that threatnes an organism
stressor
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any response an organism makes to escape from or minimize an aversive stimulus
coping response
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type of stress that is the stress of positive events
eustress
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the stress of negative events
distress (duress)
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the biological system responsible for stress response
Hypothalamic-Pituatary-adrenal axis (HPA)
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the physiological preparedness in animals to deal with danger
directs all energy to dealing with threat
fight-or-flight response
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females' tendency to prootect and care for their offspring and form social alliances rather than flee or fight in response to threat
tend and befriend response
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a horomoe that is important for mothers in bodning to newborns
produced in hypothalamus
high during socially stressful situations
oxytocin
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specialized white blood cells known as B cells, T cells and natural killer cells that make up the immune system
Lymphocytes
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includes bloated adrenal glands, damaged lymphatic structure and stomach ulcers
reduce organimss's ability to resist additional stressors
non-specific stress response
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3 stages: alarm, resistance, exhaustion
general adaptation syndrome
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when people are continually stressed they are unable to return to bodily states that characterize normal stress levels
allostatic load theory of illnes
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