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Carinatae VS Ratitae
- Carinatae= Sternum w/ deep keel
- Ratitae= keel is raft-like
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Characteristics of pelvic girdle (2):
- Slanted
- Fused to Vertebral Heads
- (exception in ostriches, aren't fused ventrally)
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Pliable part of the bird's face
craniofacial zone
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Which thoracic vertebrae are free?
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Which ribs have ucinate processes?
2-6
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How can the bird rotate it's head 130o?
- Ring Shaped Atlas
- One Articular condyle
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Three bones that make up the pectoral girdle:
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What is the "hole" within the pevlic girdle? What muscle inserts there?
- Trioseal Fossa
- Suprcoracoideus m
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Where is the hypocleidial ligament located?
Btw the Keel & Furcula
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Fused tail segment=
pygostyle
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The synsacrum is composed of...
the fused lumbar and sacral vertebrae
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tibiotarsus is composed of
fused tibia & proximal row of tarsal bones
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tarsometatarsus is composed of
metatarsal bones fused with the distal row of tarsal bones
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antitronchanter...
formed by:
function:
- ilium and ischium
- allows bird to balance on one foot
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Deep concavity in ilia
renal fossa
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What is the basis for upright posture
Fusion of the Synsacrum and Pelvis
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Birds have 3 fused ____ bones
Metatarsal
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Digits (Corresponding # of phalange)
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What mm are responsible for the downstroke of the wing?
Pectoralis m
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What mm are resonsible for the upstroke of the wing?
supracoracoideus (deep to pectoralis)
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What mm draw the wings caudally, folding them?
Latissimus dorsi
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maxillary rhamphotheca=
manibular rhamphotheca=
- maxillary= rhinotheca
- manibular= gnathotheca
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long median slit in the the hard palate-
choanal opening
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Bone in Tongue
entoglossal bone
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Which birds => crop milk?
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The ____ is an opening in the Laryngeal Mound connecting the _____ to the _____
- Laryngeal Glottis
- Oropharynx to the Larynx
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In which species are salivary glands most developed?
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Lack of soft palate=>
Oropharynx
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Structure that assists in during hatching
Egg Tooth
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What is located just behind the choanal opening
Infundibular Cleft
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Nasal cavities open into the oropharynx via the...
choanal opening
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Auditory tubes open into the...
infundibular cleft
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The stomach is located to the ___ of the median plane
Left
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The portions of the stomach
- Proventriculus
- Ventriculus (gizzard)
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Which part of the stomach secretes gastric juices?
Proventriculus
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What is the Ventriculus (or Gizzard) lined with?
- Cuticle, NOT KOILIN
- (koilin makes cuticle that lines gizzard)
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Which part of the stomach is biconvex, disk shaped and well muscled?
Ventriculus, or Gizzard
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Remnant of the yolk sac-
Vetilline/Meckel's Diverticulum
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Where is the Vitelline/Meckel's diverticulum located?
SI
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What are the major structures of the LI?
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Ceca are located at the ____ junction
ileorectal
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In what type of birds are ceca well developed?
Granivorous (long in ostrich)
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Largest organ in the birds body?
Liver
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The liver is largest in which types of birds?
=> __%
- Piscivorous
- Insectivorous
- 3-4%
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Marek's Dz is characterized by:
Enlarged/grey liver
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Parts of the avian pancreas:
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Avian nostrils are covered by:
opercula
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The caudal nasal sinus opens into the
infraorbital sinus
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