what was the 1555 peach of augsburg about? what religious groups did it exclude?
religion would be the same as the rulers.
lutheranism and catholics
french protestants were called ______
hugenots
who did aristocratic women support in the french wars of religion?
calvin
what was the st. bartholomew day massacre
henry of navarre is set to marry a catholic woman, charles thinks its a trick and causes the massacre it ends in 1589 and henry becomes king.
what was the result of the edict of nantes in 1598
peace between england and spain of 1604 and truce between spain and holland of 1609 religious warfare in NW europe came briefly to an end
identify northern europe's leading commercial and financial center during the first half of the 16th century
antwerp
william of orange fought to free the netherlands from whose rule
spanish
why was the english defeat of the spanish armada in 1588 a decisive moment in western history
because by england defeating the spanish armada it allowed protestantism to continue to grow and survive
why did the thirty years war begin
religious conflict between catholics and protestants
what contry emerged as the most powerful on the european continent after the thirty years war
france
identify some things that henry IV did to promote economic development in france
improve transportation system, handed out instructional guides of farming techniques, built factories & encouraged new iundustries
what was the primary goal of cardinal richelieu's government
increase and centralize royal power
what was the fronde?
revolt
what exactly did king james 1 do to antagonize parliament during his reign
devine right, raised money not sanctioned by parliament, gave all his friends commercial monopolies
what forced charles 1 to summon parliament after he had ruled without for eleven years?
when a war broke out in scotland
how did oliver cromwell rise to power
through parliament
what happened to charles 1
he was beheaded
why did most english men and women welcome the restoration of the monarchy
they were forced to
most formal trials on chargers of witchcraft were carried out by _________
state courts
what were the main theme of montaigne's essays
skepticism
who was the most popular of the elizabethan dramatist
marlow
the best known baroque painter of the dutch golden age was _______
reubens
be able to define the political theory of absolutism that existed in the 17 & 18 centuries
governed by devine right and according by their will
what ruler personifies absolute rule
louis XIV
which european gov developed into an autocracy during the early modern period
russia
the most important opponents of royal absolutism were _____
nobles
why type of gov did the united provinces in the netherlands have in the 17 century
republic
why did absolutist rulers such as louis XIV want sole control of the state
wanted to bring/maintain order
how did james II of england create a firestorm of controversy and set off a national crisis
converted to catholicism
what was the glorious revolution of 1688-89
it occurred with bloodshed and also because it firmly established as a mixed monarchy governed by the king of parliament
what are the primary arguments in john locke's two treatises of gov
locke said that the only law was the law of the nature which says that individuals enforce for themselves their natural rights to life liberty and property locke condemned absolutism in every form.
what were the motives behind louis XIV's massive construction of the palace of versailles
he did it to demonstrate his splendor & to control nobility.
what was louis XIV religious policy
determined to impose religious unity in france, regardless of the economical and social costs this entitled. he believed god would favor him in return for such fidelity
the royal finance minister who increased revenues in france during the reign of louis XIV was _______
colbert
what was an enormous drain on the treasury of france during louis XIV reign
wars
how did the treaty of utrecht 1713 alter the balance of power in europe
great britain got trading rights and french territory in the new world
what was unique about habsburg absolutism as practiced under maria theresa and her son?
enlightened absolute rule
what ruler set a strong foundation for developing prussia into a great power
frederick william "great elector"
what was the outcome of peter the greats policies
established russia as a great military power established a parliament and tried to bring russia into the modern era