Regional Long term variations in Temperature and Moisture of an area is called ___________.
CLIMATE
Hypothetically, as the angle of the earth's tilt decreases, the temperature difference between seasons ___creases.
DEcreases
How can one determine the latitude of the Arctic Circle?
by subtracting the angle of Earth's tilt (23.5 degrees) from 90 degrees.
If Earth's tilt were more than 23.5 degrees, would Earth's climate be less or more extreme?
MORE extreme
As latitude increases, temperature and moisture ___crease.
DEcrease.
As cloud cover increases, what happens to temperature and precipitation?
temperature DECREASES and precipitation INCREASES.
What are the three Global Wind Belts?
The Hadley Cell, The Ferrel Cell, and the Polar Cell.
On mountains where the prevailing winds come from the water, the ____________ side is more moist than the ______________ side.
A) windward, leeward
When air rises, what must happen for it to turn into clouds?
It must reach its DEW POINT.
The windward side of a mountain has _______ vegetation than the leeward side.
MORE
The ______ward side of a mountain has higher temperatures than the _______ward side.
LEEward, WINDward
On which side of a mountain does evaporation occur?
The LEEWARD SIDE.
On which side of a mountain does precipitation occur?
The WINDWARD SIDE
On which side of a mountain does condensation occur?
The WINDWARD SIDE.
What does vegetation do to temperatures?
It COOLS temperatures.
What is it called when mountain ranges force air to rise over them?
ORTHOGRAPHIC LIFTING / RAIN SHADOW
How does vegetation cool temperatures?
By absorbing and blocking insolation.
By what process does vegetation increase humidity?
TRANSPIRATION
Rain shadow leads to deserts on the _______ward side of mountains.
LEEward
______er water sinks, and ______er water rises
COLDer, WARMer
As salinity increases, density ___creases
INcreases
______ salty water is denser and sinks, while ______ salty water is less denser and rises.
D) more, less
Why is England much warmer than parts of Canada which have the same latitude?
Because the North Atlantic current considerably moderates its climate.
What are the two different types of currents?
WARM currents, and COLD currents.
Cities with in 5-10 miles of a large body of water have ________ moderate climates.
A) more
B) less
A) more
How does water cool the air temperature in the summer?
By ABSORBING heat.
How does the heat that water absorbs in the summer moderate/warm the winter in a maritime climate?
It moderates the winter temperatures by RELEASING the heat it absorbed in the summer, warming the air temperatures.
Why do maritime climates have warmer winters and cooler summers?
Because water ABSORBS heat during the summer, COOLING the air temperatures around it, and RELEASES that heat during the winter, WARMING the air temperatures.
Why does water only absorb heat in the summer and only release it in the winter?
Water only absorbs heat in the summer, because in the winter, there is no heat to absorb. On the contrary, water only releases heat in winter because in summer, the air is too saturated with heat and cannot absorb any more, therefore water must absorb it then.
Evaporation by plants is called ______________.
TRANSPIRATION.
What occurs when clouds are over-saturated?
PRECIPITATION.
All the water stored on earth as solid ice is in the ______________.
CRYOSPHERE
What are the two options water has of doing when it goes downhill?
INFILTRATION, and RUNOFF.
What is it called when water seeps into the ground?
INFILTRATION
What two factors determine infiltration rate?
SEDIMENT SIZE, and SEDIMENT SHAPE
As sediment size increases, the space between sediments ___creases.
INcreases
The rounder the sediments, the _____ infiltration.
A) more
B) less
A) more
What is the amount of pore space there is between sediments called?
POROSITY.
Spaces between sediments are called ______.
PORES
The ability of water to pass through different channels to get to the pore space is called ______________.
PERMIABILITY
What type of soil has good infiltration and is good for ground water?
SANDY soil
The larger the sediments, the ______er the infiltration.
A) higher
B) lower
A) higher
As porosity and permiability increase, infiltration ____creases.
INcreases
The ____er the infiltration rate, the longer it takes for water to pass through pore spaces.
SLOWer
What is the term for water passing through soil?
PERCULATION
The deeper the soil, the _____ ground water
MORE
Zones of saturation in between the bedrock layers are called ____________.
AQUIFIERS.
What happens to the water table when a well uses water faster than the rain comes?
The water table SINKS.
The steeper the slope, the ______ runoff.
A) more
B) less
A) more
The flatter the slope, the _____ infiltration
A) more
B) less
A) more
As a general rule, the _____er the ground, the more infiltration.
A) wetter
B) dryer
B) dryer
What is one exception to the rule that dryer ground is better for infiltration?
DESERT SOILS
What makes deserts bad for infiltration?
The baked clay-rich soil there that forms an inpermiable layer.
Frozen ground is _____ for runoff but ______ for infiltration.
A) bad, good
B) good, bad
B) good, bad
The more saturated the soil, the _____ runoff.
A) more
B) less
A) more
Why does infiltration decrease when soil is saturated?
Because the pores cannot hold anymore water.
Water logged soil that is protected from evaporation is called _________________.
GROUND WATER
What is the term for the top of a zone of saturation?
a WATER TABLE
The natural force of ocean water intruding into ground water is called ______________________.
SALTWATER INTRUSION
What is the term for the attractive force that makes water move up soil against gravity?
CAPILLARITY
Soils composed of a mixture of sands, silts and clays are called _________.
LOAMS
As sediment size decreases, capillarity ____creases.
INcreases
Author
mglicc
ID
83720
Card Set
Meteorology Pt. 2
Description
several of the meteorology packets for Mr. Colon's 9th Grade Earth Science Class
