-
adiabatic heating/cooling
- results from change in pressure
- not by addition/removal of heat energy
-
cold air (2)
- most dense
- holds less moisture than warm air
-
lapse rate
- rate that the rising air mass cools
- depends on dryness/wetness
-
wind is named by
where they're coming from
-
rotating Earth's wind cells
- Hadley cell
- Ferrel cell
- Polar cell
-
intertropical convergent zone (ITCZ)
convergence between NE and SE trade winds
-
hourse latitudes
divergence between NE trades and westerlies
-
polar front
- polar jet strem is located
- convergence between westerlies and polar easterlies
- low pressure
-
tropopause
troposphere and stratosphere
-
polar jet develops at
40 degree altitude
-
difference between climate and weather
- climate: the average of years of data. world wide
- weather: day by day. local
-
5 subsystems that affect the weather
- lithosphere: human activity
- cryosphere: snow and glacier ice
- hydrosphere: heat, evaporation
- atmosphere: heat
- biosphere: CO2
-
geological records of climate comes from
fossil evidence
-
oxygen isotope
- peaks: low ice volume, interglacial, warm temperature
- valleys: high ice volume, glacial, cold temperature
-
ice core
- higher value: warmer temperature
- lower value: colder temperature
-
why climate change (external forcing) (2)
- sunspot cycle: 11 year intervals
- orbital/astronomical factors: wobble and tilt
-
why climates change (internal forcing) (3)
- atmospheric filtering: how much radiation reaches the Earth
- volcanic activity
- changes in ocean circulation
-
Medieval Climate Anomaly
- regional (Europe)
- 900-1300 AD
- peak in solar activity
-
The Little Ice Age
1300-1850
-
The warm middle cretaceous
- no glaciers
- higher sea level
- higher CO2 level
-
epicontinental seaway
splitting the continent in half
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