Russian Rev

He gave the poles freedom and they rebelled. When they went to put down the rebellion, he asked his brother for help but then young army officers rebelled as well.

The Decembrist rebellion occured under his rule, but he used the secret police for censoring and oppression. He fought/lost the Crimean War.

He relaxed the use of the secret popo. Then, he emancipated the serfs, but they had to pay for their emancipation or they would go to a mir that evenly distributed its taxes among the residents. He enstated zemstves which were local assemblies elected by the people. Only the rich, however, were elected. Eventually, the anarchists decided they wanted to get rid of the government (called Bakunin) so they blew the Czar up.

He saw his dad (Alex II) all blown up so he used the police to terrorize people and force Russian culture. He organized pogroms (attacks on Jews).

The loss of the Russo-Japanese war, the 1905 Revolution, and Bloody Sunday. The army, however, was loyal until 1917.

Duma

• He didn't want to be Czar
• He spent a ton of time with his family in the Palace of Alexander and he was cut off from politics
• He liked glamour, not politics (see photo)
• Hemophiliac son Alexi

Horsemen who fought to support the Czar.

Raspuin, because he made Alexi feel better

Fish soup

Alexandra and Rasputin

• V.I. Lenin
• Red and White (Lenin vs. errybady else)

• Provisional Gov.
• Alexander Kerensky

They elected a group of people who would write one, but the people who were elected were not favorable to Lenin, so before they could meet he staged a coup and brought them down.

• WWI
• Russian Revolution

The Vanguard of the Proletariat (the forefront of the working class)

Marx thought the revolution must happen naturally, on its own. He said that the little group would rise up and overthrow the larger one. Lenin said you should make it happen with total dedication. The theory was called Marxist-Leninist.

1917

Trotsky wanted to spread communism internationally and Stalin wanted to keep it in Russia.

It's when the government owns the factors of production and controls prices, goods sold, etc.

• The state set prices that afforded the farmers no profit, so the farmers stopped producing goods and Russians went hungry
• The government (Lenin) came up with the NEP (new economic program) that let farmers choose their price after selling a certain amount of product at a set price.

• 1924
• Stroke

Trotsky was confident that his good speaking abilities would let him win.

A group of people decide how things are produced in a country. It's absolute economic control, even more so than nationalization.

• Stalin
• NEP

The farmers had enough capitol to be able to bargain for heavy machinery (tractors, etc.) which increased effeciency.

• Enemies of the state
• Heroes of the people
• They really used a lot of nationalism to motivate their workers.

They made farmers produce more, and they sold surplus product (and then some that was needed to feed the hungry) and sold it internationally. They became the 3rd largest industrial power behind Germany and the US.

• They were owners of large farms
• They hated it so they killed animals and burned their crops. Stalin found out and let them starve (they did because he took what little they didn't burn).

No labor unions, no freedom of press, art, literature, and science were controlled, the secret police (KGB) had records on many people and they declared people enemies of the state and killed them.

Stalin's KGB forced people to confess to doing things they hadn't. Stalin wanted to get rid of all of his political opponents, as well as instill fear in the population. The first trial was of 16 old, respected Bolshevik leaders who Stalin feared were too powerful.

• Military
• His government party
• Millions of innocent and (sortof) guilty citizens

They were killed or sent to concentration camps called Gulag

• 1921
• It limited the number of ships per country and reduced the number of weapons. The Locarno meatings made the Locarno treaties which had a very similar effect.

• Kellogg-Briande
• 65 other nations signed on in the 1920s

• Universal suffrage
• They went on protests and in Britain they were sent to jail where they refused to eat so they were force fed. They got it around the 1930s.

Pensions, social security, workers compensation, sickess insurance

It was established in Germany after WWI.

• Rosa Luxemburg
• Her rebellion was put down

• Kapp
• Beer Hall
• Hitler
• Weimar Republic
• Police

• Farmers took out loans to expand their farms as the price of goods rose. When farmers in other countries came back to farm after the war, the farmers defaulted on their loans.
• People raised the prices of their goods, but their employees' wages weren't raised as much. The employees couldn't pay for goods.
• People started buying stocks, and then when they got really valuable they sold them. The stocks basically became worthless.

The government directs the economy and decids what to produce, how to produce tit, and who gets it. The factors of production, however, were still privately owned.

He focused on Italy's unemployment, disorder, and people's desire to take their neighbors' lands. The Italians were also mad about how they basically got nothing in the Treaty of Versailles. Benito said he would fix things, so he took his army of black shirts and marched to Rome where Victor Emmanuel III refused to fight. He then named him prime minister.

He said he could help the economy, overthrow the Weimar Republic, and he opposed the Treaty of Versailles.

• Jews
• Communism

Fuhrer

His party rapidly gained seats, but they started losing some to communism, so he blamed them for the fire at the Reichstag.

• President Hindenberg
• His officers, family, and friends wanted him to .