-
The max cumulative dose for attropine is?
3 mg
-
Bretylium is used for:
V Tach, V fib refrac to Lido
-
Bretylium first dose is:
5 mg/kg IV
-
Bretylium second dose is:
10 mg/kg/15-30 mins to a max of 30 mg/kg
-
CaCl is primarily used prehospital for?
CCB OD
-
Benadryl is contraindicated for _____.
Asthma
-
Cardizem is classed as a ____.
CCB
-
Epi max dose is?
There is no max
-
Epi pedi cardiac arrest dose is _____.
0.01 mg/kg 1:10,000 IV/IO
-
Etomidate is trade named?
Amidate
-
Romazicon is dosed @ _____.
0.2 mg IV over 30-60 sec up to 1 mg
-
Glucagon can be used in what 2 situations w/what doses?
- Hypoglycemia 1 mg IM/SC
- Beta blocker OD 50-150 mcg/kg over 1 min
-
Isoproterenol is in 1 algorithm. What is it?
Bradycardia refrac to atropine
-
Mag works by:
- Acting as a CCB, CNS depressant, Anticonvulsant
- Depresses function of smooth, skeletal & cardiac muscles
-
Solu medrol is dose @ what for spinal injury?
30 mg/kg IV over 15 min
-
At its weight based max you may run this much procainamide into your 80 kg pt.
1360 mg
-
Aminophyline is classed as a _____.
Bronchodilator
-
Chlordiazepoxide is generic for ____.
Librium
-
Morphine is classed as a ____ ____.
Narcotic analgesic
-
Morphine is contraindicated for COPD/Asthma. Why?
Causes resp depression
-
Racemic epi is indicated for ____.
Croup
-
Phenergan is classed as a ____.
Antiemetic
-
Trade name anectine is generic named ____.
Succinylcholine
-
Tridil is classed as a ____.
Nitrate
-
Thiamine is dosed @ _____.
50-100mg IV
-
Verapamil is classed as a ____.
CCB
-
Verapamil would be bad to use in a wide QRS b/c it?
Slows AV conduction causing it to widen further
-
Adenosine should be used secondary to an attempt @?
Vagal maneuvers
-
Albuterol is trade named ____.
Proventil
-
Amiodarone has a contraindication of ____ & ____.
2nd & 3rd degree heart blocks
-
Atrovent is generic named ?
Ipratropium
-
Atropine works by?
Stimulating the parasympathetic NS & vagus nerve
-
Atropine is used for what 3 things?
- Slow PEA
- Organo Phosphate Poisoning
- Bradycardia
-
Atropine is precautioned for ____ & for ____.
AMI & for glaucoma
-
An LBBB has a ____ deflection b/f the J point.
Negative
-
An extreme right axis & an upright V1 equals
V-Tach
-
An rSr pattern b/f the j point is what?
RBBB
-
Which left hemiblock has the highest mortality rate?
Posterior hemiblock @ 71% b/c for it to occur 2 separate blood supplies have to be damaged
-
Name 3 hypertension meds.
- CCB
- Beta blockers
- Diuretics
- ACE inhibitors
- Cardiac Glycosides
-
What class of drug is toradol?
Analgesic
-
What does Flumazenil do?
Benzo antagonist
-
Pharmacodynamics is defined as:
How a drug interacts with the body to cause its effects
-
The 6 rights of med admin are:
- Patient
- Med
- Time
- Route
- Dose
- Documentation
-
Pregnancy Code A means:
Adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus in the 1st trimester or later trimesters
-
Pharmacokinetics is defined as:
How drugs are transported into and out of the body
-
Biotransformation is defined as:
How a drug changes body chem in order to achieve its desired effect
-
Name 2 drug routes & give examples of each
- Parenteral - IV, IO, IM, SC,
- Enteral - PO, PR, UDT, Topical
-
A receptor site is defined as:
Place a drug binds to to achieve its desired result
-
Schedule II drug is:
- High abuse potential
- Has medical uses
- ie cocaine, morphine
-
Schedule I drug is:
- High abuse potential
- No medical use
- ie heroin, LSD
-
Schedule III drug is:
- Less abuse than I & II
- Accepted med uses
- ie vicodin, Tylenol w/codeine
-
Schedule IV drug is:
- Low abuse
- Accepted med uses
- ie Valium, Xanax
-
An anesthetic is defined as a drug that:
A drug that causes an absence of all sensation
-
An analgesic is defined as a drug that:
A drug that relieves the sensation of pain
-
An agonist is a drug that:
Drug that binds to a receptor & causes it to initiate the expected response
-
Beta agonist effects include:
- Beta 1 - Vasoconstriction, Bronchoconstriction
- Beta 2 - Vasodilation, Bronchodilation
-
Opiate properties include:
-
A prototype drug is defined as:
A drug within a class that exhibits ALL of the properties of that class
-
Name 3 antianginal agents.
-
Name 2 prehospital analgesics.
MS, Nubain, Aspirin, Butorphanol/Stadol, Fentanyl, Meperidine/Demerol
-
Name 1 diuretic.
Lasix, Osmatrol
-
Name 1 parasymphalytic.
Atropine
-
Name 3 antiarrhythmic drugs.
Lido, Amio, Procainamide, Bretylium, Verapamil, Cardizem, Adenosine
-
Indications for benadryl.
- Dystonic reaction
- Allergic reaction
-
3 indications for dopamine
- To increase cardiac output
- Non hypovolemic hypotension
- Cardiogenic shock
-
Dosage range for dopamine?
2-20 mcg/kg/min
-
Available routes for narcan?
IV, IO, IM, IN
-
Dosage range for narcan.
0.4 -2mg up to 10mg
-
Class of drug for procardia (nifedipine).
CCB
-
Class of drug: Propranolol
Beta Blocker
-
Indication for vecuronium (norcuron):
Paralytic for RSI
-
Actions of etomidate:
Short acting hypnotic w/no analgesic effects & limited cardiovascular effects
-
Class of drug: Isoproterenol (isuprel):
Sympathomimetic
-
Indication for Isoproterenol:
Bradycardia
-
Class of drug: Ipecac
Emetic
-
Class of drug: Verapamil
CCB
-
What is the prototype benzo?
Ativan
-
What does SLUDGE stand for?
- Salivation
- Lacrimation
- Urination
- Defacation
- Gastric motility
- Emesis
-
If a rhythm is reg the most accurate way to calculate heart rate is to count the num of small squares between 2 R waves & divide the number into ______.
1500
-
The QRS in A fib is ____.
<0.12
-
Atrial rhythms originate in the ____ ____.
Atrial pathways
-
Name a factor that is not assoc w/an increased incidence of SIDS:
Female Infant
-
Poisons fr bacterial cells when they die are called:
Endotoxins
-
The largest % of water in the body is ____ fluid.
Intracellular
-
As blood vol is lost due to traumatic inj, the body's response is to:
Increase HR & close precapillary sphincters
-
Describe an antibody:
A substance produced by B lymphocytes that binds w/an antigen
-
The primary constituent of plasma is ____.
Water
-
The process of cell division by which the body grows is known as ____.
Mitosis
-
Drugs w/high abuse potential & no acceptable medical benefits are classified as Schedule ____.
I
-
A properly placed ____ ____ effectively isolates the trachea for ventilation & protection fr aspiration
Endotracheal Tube
-
The leading cause of death fr unintentional inj in the US is:
MVAs
-
What is a likely response to a dry drowning?
Laryngospasm
-
What measure most effectively protects EMS workers fr infectious disease?
Hand washing
-
What IV solution will remain in the vascular system the longest?
Plasmanate
-
Your pt is a toddler w/burns to the back of his head and his entire back. What % is he injured?
27%
-
You arrive @ an MCI. What is the first thing you should do?
Scene size-up and set up command
-
Define Guillain Barre Syndrome.
A virus that triggers nerve damage and rapid loss of motor function
-
Poisons released fr dying bacterial cells are called ____.
Exotoxins
-
Polio often ends in ____.
Paralysis
-
According to the AHA the gold standard treatment for V-Fib is _____.
High quality CPR
-
What are the S&S of Cardiac Tamponade?
- Rapid Weak Pulse
- Decreasing systolic BP
- Narrowing Pulse Pressures
- Pulsus Paradoxus
-
What are the S&S of Cardiogenic Shock.
- Anxiety/Restlessness/AMS
- Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Diapharesis
- JVD
-
What are the S&S of Becks Triad?
- Hypotension
- JVD
- Distant, muffled heart sounds
-
What are the S&S of cardiac tamponade?
- Beck's Triad
- Pulsus Paradaxus
- Tachycardia
- AMS
-
Define Atherosclerosis.
Thickening of artery walls due to build up of fatty materials
-
Describe an AAA.
Ballooning of the abdominal aorta >50%. Usually asymptomatic unless rupture occurs
-
What are the S&S of an AAA?
10/10 low back, flank, abdomen & groin pain
-
What is thermolytic Inadequacy?
Failure of body's thermoregulatory mechanisms to compensate adequately
-
Hyperthermia is described as:
Unusually high core body temp
-
Passive cooling techniques include:
- Shade
- Ice Paks in arm pits, groin
-
What is the result of left sided heart failure?
Increased back pressure into the circulatory system
-
What is the result of right sided heart failure?
Increased back pressure into systemic venous circulation
-
What is coughing up of clear or pink sputum indicative of?
Pulmonary edema
-
How do we make D10NS?
Draw 50ccs fr a 250 bag and add 25g in 50ccs of D50
-
What are the 4 types of thermolysis?
- Conduction
- Convection
- Radiation
- Respiration
-
What is the acronym AEIOUTIPS used for & what does each stand for?
- AMS
- A acidosis/alcohol
- E epilepsy
- I infection
- O OD
- U uremia
- T trauma
- I insulin
- P psychosis
- S stroke
-
What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic NS?
- Sympathetic - fight or flight
- Parasympathetic - feed & breed
-
What are the 2 primary components of the CNS?
-
The afferent NS carries impulses where?
Toward the CNS
-
The efferent NS carries impulses where?
From brain & spinal cord to periphery
-
Name 5 toxic metabolic states.
- Anoxia
- Ketoacidosis
- Hepatic failure
- Hypoglycemia
- Toxic exposure
-
What are S&S of pancreatitis?
- Severe upper abd pain radiating to back
- N/V
-
What are S&S of acute gastroenteritis?
- Stomach pain or spasms
- N/V/D
- Loss of appetite
- H/A
-
Ulcerative Colitis have S&S of:
- Mucus like stool w/blood
- Fever in severe cases
- Different degrees of Abd pain
-
S&S of Crohn's disease include:
- Porridge like stool
- Fever
- GI bleeding
- N/V/D
-
S&S of diverticulitis include:
- Abd pain/tenderness
- N/V
- Fever
- Signs of lower GI bleeding
-
Give 4 causes of a ruptured blood vessel in the skull (head bleed).
- Physical trauma
- Hemorrhagic stroke
- Ruptured aneurysm
-
Where is a subdural Hematoma located & what are S&S?
- Between the dura & arachnoid
- S&S H/A & AMS
-
Where is an epidural hematoma located & what are S&S?
- Between the duramater and the cranium
- S&S Lucid interval followed by unconsciousness
-
Where is a subarachnoid hemorrhage & what are S&S?
- Between arachnoid & pia meningeal layers
- S&S Sudden onset severe H/A
-
Decorticate posturing is characterized by:
- Elbows, wrists & fingers flexed
- Legs extended w/inward rotation
-
Decerebrate posturing is characterized by:
- Head arched backward
- Arms extended by sides
- Legs extended
- Body rigid w/teeth clenched
-
TCA OD presents how on EKG?
Lg R in aVR
-
What determines a dry drowning?
An insignificant amt of water in the lungs
-
What determines a wet drowning?
A significant amt of water in the lungs
-
What is the mammalian diving reflex?
A reflex in mammals which optimizes respiration to allow staying underwater for extended periods of time
-
What is the primary cause of death in a drowning?
Asphyxia
-
A fresh water drowning causes what in the lungs?
Causes alveoli to collapse fr lack of surfactant
-
A salt water drowning has what effect on the lungs?
- Causes hypoxemia due to hypertonic nature of salt water
- Also causes Pulmonary Edema
-
What does the xray look like in an ARDS pt?
Broken glass
-
What determines a drowning?
Death fr asphyxia due to suffocation caused by liquid entering the lungs
-
S&S of Beta blocker OD include:
- Prolonged PRI
- Bradycardia
- Hx of Beta blocker use
-
Dull crampy abd pain that is not reproducable and is not effected by palpation is usually ____ fr someplace else.
Referred
-
A calf that is swollen, cool to the touch and sore is probably caused by ____ ____.
Compartment Syndrome
-
When checking for excursion the thumbs are placed on the ____ ____.
Costal Margins
-
If insulin and beta blockers are taken together what can happen?
The beta blockers can mask the effects of hypoglycemia
-
Pupillary constriction, hypersalivation, wheezing, bradycardia are all part of what NS?
Parasympathetic
-
Inderol causes what?
Bradycardia
-
Being respectful to a pt's family is an example of what duty?
Ethical
-
Disadvantage of vascular replacement with isotonic crystaloids?
It get rapidly excreted
-
The least likely cause of PEA is _____.
Electricution
-
A cardiac risk factor for stroke is _____.
A-Fib
-
Initial Algorithm for anaphylaxis simply put.
O2 -> Epi -> Benadryl
-
STEMI in 2,3,aVf = ____.
Left Ventricular MI
-
What is the time for the PRI?
0.12 - 0.20 sec
-
Aspiration causes ____ ____ & ____ ____.
- Tissue Damage
- Pulmonary Edema
-
Sexually assualted w/a foreign obj w/vaginal hemorrhage what is appropriate?
Fluid replacement
-
The leading cause of unintentional inj is _____.
MVA
-
An obligation to treat all pts fairly is legally known as ____.
Justice
-
A seizure w/rapid loss of consciousness & motor coordination, muscle spasms & jerky motions is known as ____ ____.
Tonic Clonic
-
What is collace?
Stool Softner
-
What is the Pedi dose of albuterol?
1.25mg
-
What is the pedi dose for Epi?
0.01mg/kg w/max single dose of 0.3-0.5mg SC
-
What is the Pedi dosage for benadryl (hint same as dog dosage).
1 mg/kg to a max of 50 mg
-
What is Pedi dosage for solu-medrol?
1-2 mg/kg
-
What is the minimum dose of atropine for a Pedi pt & why is there a minimum?
0.1 mg regardless of calc b/c lower dosage could cause reverse?
-
What is the max single dose of atropine for a pedi pt repeated how many times?
0.5 mg repeated twice
-
Give 3 S&S of symptomatic Bradycardia?
-
When BLS doesn't work for FBAO what is the ALS algorithm?
- McGills & scope
- ET around
- Push R mainstem
- Needle Crichothyrotomy
-
Unresponsive w/tombstone T's & STEMI in V1-V4 equals?
Anteroseptal MI
-
Left ventricular hypertrophy shows how on an EKG?
R's > 35 boxes in 2 or more consecutive leads
-
What are 4 characteristics of SVT?
- Regularily Regular
- Narrow complex
- HR >150
- P's present but not discernible
-
Pedi pt w/uncontrollable drooling and SOB probably has ____.
Epiglotitus
-
Tx for an anteroseptal MI includes what med in what dose?
-
What part of the kidney forms urine?
Nephron
-
Propranalol causes what effect on tropic properties?
Neg chronotropy
-
A pregnant pt w/tearing abd pain & recent cocaine use is probably experiencing ____ ____.
Abruptio Placenta
-
Death fr an MI is most commonly caused by ____.
Dysrhythmias
-
Which of the following is part of the mother's routine post pardum care? Oxytocin, fundal massage, 1000mL NS or Encourage mother to bear down to deliver placenta?
Fundal Massage
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