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Name the Vertebrae for the Canine
C7, T13, L7, S3, Cd 20-23
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Name the Vertebrae for the Equine
C7, T18, L6, S5, Cd 15-21
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Name the Vertebrae for the Bovine
C7, T13, L6, S5, Cd 18-20
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What are the articulations of the alanto-occipital joint?
The two cranial articular fovea of the atlas and the occipital condyles of the skull
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What is the anitclinical vertebrae in dogs? Equine? Bovine?
- T11- spinous process stands vertical. Any process cranial to T11 is pointing caudally and any process caudal to T11 is pointing cranially.
- T16
- T13
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What adductor ligament in the pelvic limb does the horse have that the other species do not?
Accessory Ligament (prevents them from being able to kick sideways effectively)
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Biceps Femoris
- O- Ischiatic tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament
- I- Patella, patellar ligament, tibia by means of the fascia lata, and tuber calcanei (forming the common calcaneal tendon)
- A- Extend hip, stifle, and hock. Flex the stifle
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Semitendinosus
- O- Ischiatic Tuberosity
- I- tibial tuberosity anad tuber calcanei (Part of C. Calcanean tendon)
- A- extend hip, flex stifle, extend the hock
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Semimembranosus
- O- The ischiatic tuberosity
- I- Medial Condyle of the tibia and the distal end of the femur
- A- Extend the hip and flex/extend the stifle depending on position
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Sartorius
- O- Cranial-Crest of the ilium, Caudal- iliac spine
- I- Cranial- patella, Caudal- cranial border of the tibia
- A- To flex the hip, flex and extend the stifle
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Gracilis
- *Arises from the symphysial tendon
- O- Pelvic symphysis
- I- Cranial border of the tibia and the tuber calcanei
- A- To adduct the limb, flex the stifle and extend the hip and hock
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Pectineus
- O- Iliopubic eminence and the pubic tubercle via the prepubic tendon
- I- Distal end of the caudal face of the femur
- A- To adduct the limb
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Adductor
- O- Entire pelvic symphysis, ventral surface of pubis and ischium
- I- Entire lateral lip of the femur
- A- To adduct the limb and extend the hip
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Name the 3 main components of the patellar locking mechanism and it's action
- 1) Quadriceps m.
- 2) Parapatellar Fibrocartilage
- 3) Medial Trochlear ridge of the femur
- A- Prevents flexion of the hip, stifle and hock AND overextension of the fetlock and phalangeal joints
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Name the components of the Common Calcaneal Tendon in all species.
- 1) SDF
- 2) Gastrocnemius
- 3) Biceps Femoris
- 4) Semitendinosus
- 5) Gracilis (not in equine)
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Name the components of the reciprocal apparatus
- Peronius Tertius and SDF
- A- moving the stifle and the hock together in either extension or flexion
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If the peronius tertius is damaged, what will the pelvic limb do in the reciprocal apparatus?
Flexed stifle with extended tarsus
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If the SDF is damaged, what will the pelvic limb do in the reciprocal apparatus?
Extended stifle with flexed tarsus
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What are the main supporters of the fetlock and the phalangeal joints?
- The suspensory ligament and the SDF and DDF tendons
- * There are also extensor branches of the suspensory ligament
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The weight of the equine is mainly placed on what when using the stay apparatus?
The head of the femur
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Name the three stifle joint sacs/synovial compartments:
Femoropatellar sac, medial femorotibial, lateral femorotibial
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Bursas of the Equine pelvic limb
- 1. Trochanteric Bursa
- 2. Synovial Bursa of the greater trochanter
- 3. Cunean Bursa
- 4. Subtendinous calcanean bursa (intertendinous and gastrocnemius)
- 5. Subcutaneous calcanean bursa
- 6. Extensor Bursa
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Borders of the femoral triangle in the canine:
Caudal belly of the sartorial, pectinous and adductor (caudal border), iliopsoas and vastus medialis
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Define Bone Spavin:
Osteoarthritis or osteitis of the hock joint which causes lameness
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DIRT:
Distal Intermediate Ridge of the Tibia- #1 site for osteochondrosis in the horse
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Which bone is NOT fused in the bovine but is in the equine hock joint?
The medial malleolus
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Tensor Fascia Latae
- O-Tuber coxae and ilium
- I- Lateral femoral fascia
- A- Flex hip and extend the stifle…and tense the lateral femoral fascia
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Superficial Gluteal
- O- The lateral border of the sacrum and first caudal vertebra
- I- Third trochanter
- A- To extend the hip and abduct the limb
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Middle Gluteal
- O- The crest and gluteal surface of the ilium
- I- The greater trochanter
- A- To extend and abduct the hip and to rotate the pelvic limb medially
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Deep Gluteal
- O- Body of the ilium, ischiatic spine
- I- Cranial aspect of the greater trochanter
- A- To extend and abduct the hip and to rotate to pelvic limb medially
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Internal Obturator
- O- The symphysis pelvis and the dorsal surface of the ischium and pubis
- I- Trochanteric fossa of the femur
- A- To rotate the pelvic limb laterally
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Gemelli
- O- Lateral surface of the ischium
- I- Trochanteric fossa
- A- To rotate the limb laterally at the hip
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Quadratus Femoris
- O- Ischium
- I- Intertrochanteric crest
- A- Extend the hip and rotate the pelvic limb laterally
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External Obturator
- O- Ventral surface of pubis and ischium
- I- Trochanteric Fossa
- A- Rotate the pelvic limb laterally
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