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When can an animal put on antibiotics be safely slaughtered?
Depends on antibiotic withdrawal time
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Why are low levels of antibiotics in meat dangerous to man?
it can create antibiotic resistant bacteria
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Prescription drugs are
drugs only used on order of a licensed veterinarian
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What harm might the client do if they stop giving an antibiotic when the animal starts to look better instead of completing prescribed days of treatment?
The infection may not be fully gone, so it could come back. could also cause some resistance if the infection comes back.
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Why do we treat skin infections with antibiotics for 30 days, cuts for 5 days, and pneumonia for 10 days?
Depending on the bacteria, that is how long it takes the antibiotics to fully work/kill all the harmful organisms.
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Name 3 reasons the same dose of drug can have varying effects within a species.
- 1. Breed - metabolism (hot blooded vs cold)
- 2. Age - still growing?
- 3. Disease or illness (diabetic, ulcers, cushings)
- 4. Weight
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The majority of drugs are metabolized in the...
Liver
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Name 3 ways drugs are excreted by the body.
- 1. Urine/feces
- 2. sweat
- 3. exhailing/breathing
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Define withdrawal time.
the amount of time it takes for a drug to leave the body (safe for human consumption).
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Name the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation.
- 1. redness
- 2. hotness
- 3. swelling
- 4. pain
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NSAID's are not used in which case?
gastric ulsers
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Corticosteroids are the drug of choice in treating...
autoimmune disease
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Dewormers
1. Praziquantel
2. Strongid (Pyrantel)
3. Equell (Ivermectin)
4. Quest (Moxidectan)
5. Sulphonamides
6. Panacure (Fenbendazole)
- 1. Tape worms
- 2. Round worms, Strongyles
- 3. Bots, Strongyles, Roundworms
- 4. Bots, Strongyles, Rounds, Encysted Strongyles
- 5. Coccidia
- 6. Strongyles, Rounds, Encysted Strongyles
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Bacteriostatic
- Sulfadiazine
- Tetracycline (Oxytet)
- Chloramphenicol
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Bacteriocidal
- Penicillin
- Gentamicin
- Trimethoprim/sulfadiazine
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Swinging lameness (muscular) - causes?
- Bowed tendon
- Navicular disease
- Sweeney
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Supporting Lameness - causes
- Fractured PII
- Abscess in foot
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Name 4 questions you would ask in filling out a history other than name, age, sex, breed and vaccine record when dealing with lameness?
- 1. What was the animal doing when it happened?
- 2. How long has it been going on? (acute/chronic)
- 3. What is the animal used for?
- 4. Has it improved/gotten worse/stayed the same?
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Front leg lameness
- head goes down when good leg strikes the ground.
- -down on sound
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The number one cause of lameness in the horse
abscess in the foot/hoof
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The classic stance for a horse with Laminitis is
front feet out ahead of body, hind feet under body
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For bruises, abscesses and corns the accepted initial treatment is Poulticing the foot. What does poultice do?
moisturizes the foot - draws out excess material/infection
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Once the bruise/abscess has come out of the foot and before the farrier replaces the shoes, we need to
toughen the foot
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Bruising at the bars
corns
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1 bulb of heel is higher than the other
sheared heels
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Bulbs of heel closer together
contracted heels
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Long toe, no heel
underun heel
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Short toe, long heel
club foot
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High ringbone involves which bones and what joint?
- Bones - PI, PII
- Joint - Pastern
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1. Injury to superficial digital flexor tendon
2. Injury to MCIV
3. Injury to fetlock
4. Injury to suspensory ligament
5. Injury to MCIII
- 1. Bowed tendon
- 2. Splint
- 3. Osselett
- 4. Desmitis
- 5. Bucked shins
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Arthritic change to the tarsal/metatarsal joint is called?
bone spaven
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Soft tissue swelling of the tibial/tarsal joint is called?
Bog spaven
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1. Whorl bone
2. Gonitis
3. Curb
4. Sweeney
- 1. Hip
- 2. Stifle
- 3. Plantar ligament
- 4. Shoulder
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Treatment
1. Stall rest
2. Surgery to stabilize neck
3. Oxytetracycline in first 48 hrs
4. Exercise
- 1. Ephyphisitis
- 2. Wobblers Syndrome
- 3. Contracted tendons
- 4. Lax tendons
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Most all Developmental Orthopedic Disease (DOD) is caused by imbalance of what elements?
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To properly ultrasound the abdomen of a horse you would use that head?
3 MHz
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Radiographic waste is created and has to be properly collected and disposed of during what exam?
sintography
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Radiation exposure is a concern in what advanced test?
Fluroscopy
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The best way to view gastric ulcers?
Endoscopy
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