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Area distinguished by color differentiantion form adjacent tissue.
Macule
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Small circumscribed lesion usually less than 1 cm in diameter elevated about surface of normal tissue
Papule
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Circumscribed elevated lesion greater than 5 mm in diameter with serous fluid, looks like a blister
Bulla
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Small elevated lesion less than 1 cm in diameter containing serous fluid
Vesicle
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Various sized round elevations containing pus
pustules
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Base of a lesion that is flat or broad instead of stem like
Sessile
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Attached by a stem-like or stalk base
Pedunculated
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Segment of lobe that is a part of the whole.
Lobule
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Feeling of area with fingers.
palpation
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Shortened or blunted and irregularly shaped.
Resorption
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Paleness of skin or mucosa.
Pallor
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Cleft or groove showing prominent depth.
Fissure
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Resembles small, nipple-shaped projections or elevations found in clusters.
Papillary
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One compartment or unit that is well defined.
Unilocular
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Lesion extending beyond the confines of one distinct area. Many lobes.
Multiloculear
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Borders are specifically defined and can clearly see that exact margins and extent.
Well circumscribed
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Ill defined or spread out
diffuse
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Lesion extending beyond roots (traumatic bone cyst)
Scalloping around the root
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Palpable solid lesion up to 1 cm found in soft tissue.
Nodule
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5 malignant "-oma's"
Melanoma, sarcoma, carcinoma, lymphoma, multiple myeloma
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Lesions are described based upon:
- 1. clinical appearance
- 2. tissue consistency
- 3. color
- 4. size
- 5. surface texture
- 6. radiographic appearance
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8 Diagnostic Categories:
- 1. clinical
- 2. radiographic
- 3. historical
- 4. laboratory
- 5. microscopic
- 6. surgical
- 7. therapeutic
- 8. differential
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Clinical Diagnosis could consist of:
appearance of lesion, color, shape, location or history
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Occurs in black women in 60's, asymptomatic, teeth are vital and usually the anteriors are affected
Periapical Cemental Dysplasia
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Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level
Paget's Disease
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B-compled deficiency, most commonly a fungal. responds to antifungal cream
Angular Cheilitis
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ANUG
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
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Clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands. Occurs on lips and buccal mucosa.
Fordyce Granules
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Pigment that gives color to skin, eyes, hair, mucosa, and gingiva
Melanin
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Sessile nodule on gingival margin of the lingual aspect of mandibular canines.
Retrocuspid Papilla
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Prominent veins located on ventral/lateral surfaces of tongue
Lingual Varicosites
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"white line" on buccal mucosa along occlusal plane, usually bilateral. Prominent with bruxism and clenching.
Linea Alba
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Generalized opalescence of buccal mucosa, most commonly in African Americans. Disappears when mucosa is stretched.
Leukodema
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Throid tissue that has become entrapped in the tissues of the tonue. More common in females. Located as a mass in the midline of dorsal of tongue in the area of the foramen caecum. Benign.
Lingual Thyroid Nodule
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Deep groves in dorsal of tongue. Possibly associated with vitamin deficiency or chronic trauma. unknown cause
Fissured Tongue
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Flat or slightly raised oval or rectangular erythematous area in the midline of dorsal surface of tongue. Devoid of Filiform papillae, no specific treatment
Median Rhomboid Glossitis
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Diffuse areas of desquamation of filiform papillae. Erythematous patches with well defined boreder of white or yellow. "Benign Migratory Glossitis"
Geographic Tongue
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Filiform papillae become enlongated and appear white, yellow, black or brown
Hairy Tongue
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Short duration, arises quickly
Acute
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Movement of WBS's to area of injury
Chemotaxis
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Long duration, persists for a long time
Chronic
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Passage of WBC's through endothelial wall of small blood vessels
Emigration
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Inflammaroty fluid (pus)
Exudate
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Elevation of body temperature higher than 98.6 degrees F
fever
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Excess of blood in a part of the body
Hyperemia
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Abnormal multiplication or increase in the NUMBER of normal cells.
Hyperplasia
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Enlargement of tissue or oran due to an increase in the SIZE of the cell
Hypertrophy
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Affects body as a whole
Systemic
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Temporary increase in the number of WBC's circulating in the blood
Leukocytosis
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confined or limited to a part
local
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Enlargement or swelling of a lymph node
Lymphadenopathy
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Occurs in the early stage of inflammation; WBC's occupy the periphery of a blood vessel and adhere to endothelial cells lining the blood vessel
Margination
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Pathologic death of cells or portions of tissue
Necrosis
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The adherence of WBC's to the endothelial cells lining an injured blood vessel
Pavementing
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Located away from the center
peripheral
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ingestion and digestion of a foreign substance by cells
phagocytosis
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Containing or forming pus
purulent
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restoration of damaged or diseased tissue
repair
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having a fluid or water consistency (relates to serum)
serous
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Localized swelling of tissue due to edema, accompanied by severe itching
Wheal
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What eliminates injurious agents, contains injuries and heals defects?
inflammation
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Nonspecific response to injury and occurs in the same manner regardless of nature of injury
inflammation
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"-itis"
suffix meaning inflammation
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Cardinal Signs of Inflammation
- 1. redness
- 2. heat
- 3. swelling
- 4. pain
- 5. loss of tissue function
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A formation of a natural drainage passage boring through tissue allowing drainage of exudates
Fistula
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6 Types of White Blood Cells
- 1. neutrophils
- 2. monocytes
- 3. lymphocytes
- 4. plasma cells
- 5. eosinophils
- 6. mast cells
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1st cell to emigrat and first cell involved in acute inflammation
Neutrophils
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2nd cell to emigrate
monocyte (macrophage)
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Involved in chronic inflammation and immune response
lymphocyte and plasma cell
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Both inflammation and immune respone
Eosinophil and mast cell
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Macrophages, lymphcytes and plasma cells become predominantes during what?
Chronic inflammation
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60 - 70 % of WBC, phagocytosis then dies
Neutrophils
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Become Macrophages, 3 - 8 % of WBC, lysosomal enzymes to aide in destruction of foreign substances
Monocytes
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Start or enhance the inflammatory response
chemical mediators
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3 Systems of Chemical Mediators
- 1. Kinin System
- 2. Complement System
- 3. Clotting System
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Mediates inflammation by causing increase dilation of blood vessels at eh site permeability of blood vessels by widenign gaps between endothelial cells. Early phase of inflammation
Kinin System
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Production of sequential cascade of plasma proteins that are present in the blood in an activated form. Rease of Histaine (mast cells)
complement system
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Clots blood and helps with repair, platelets
Clotting Mechanism
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Body temperature regulated by:
Hypothalamic Thermoregularoty center
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the body's final defense mechanism in its attempt to restore injured tissue to its original state
repair
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Healing of an injury in which there is little loss of tissue, surgical incision, edges joined by sutures, less scar tissue
Healing by Primary intention
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Injury whereby there is a loss of tissue and the edges of the injury cannot be joined during healing
Healing by secondary intention
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Infection occurs at the site of surgical incision that is healing by primary and secondary intention may ensue
Tertiary Intention
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Wearing away of tooth structure during mastication
attrition
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Grinding and clenching teeth together for nonfunctional purposes
bruxism
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Signs of bruxism
- 1. wear facets
- 2. abnormal rate of attrition
- 3. hypertrophy of masticatory muscles
- 4. increase muslce tone
- 5. muscle fatigue
- 6. cheek biting
- 7. TMJ pain
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Pathological wearing away of tooth structure that results from a repetitive mechanical habit, pulp exposure usually not present
abrasion
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Loss of tooth structure resulting from chemical action (usually on lingual/facial but can be occlusal/interproximal)
erosion
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Eating disorder of food binges followed by self-induced vomiting
bulimia
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Characterized by distored perception of body image along with depression, intense fear of gaining weight and self-imposed starvation
anorexia nervosa
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Occurs when patient places aspirin beside a tooth with a toothache
aspirin burn
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Causes whitening of area/ulcer if not removed quickly
Phenol Burn
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Usually children who have bitten/chewed a live electric cord or inserted something into an electric socket
Electric Burn
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Lesions located at midline of hard palate varifying from ulcers to keratotic to exophytic reactive lesions. Caused by smoking crack
Cocaine use
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Chronic rubbing or friction against mucosa resulting in a thickening of the keratiin on the surface
hyperkeratosis
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Benign lesion on hard palate associated with smoking
Nicotine Stomatitis
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Lesion that forms whena salivary gland duct is severed and teh mucous secretion spills into the adjacent CT
Mucocele
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Occurs as a result of an obstruction of a salivary gland duct or infection
Sialadenitis
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Common occuring intraoral lesion characterized by proliferation of CT containing blood vessels/inflammatory cells, surgical excision
Pyogenic Granuloma
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Broad based, persistent exophytic lesion composed of dense, scar-like CT. Occurs as a result of Chronic trauma. On gingival, surgical excision
Irritation Fibroma
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Caused by an ill-fitting denture and is located in the vestibule along denture border
Epulis Fissuratum
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Form of denture stomatitis. Palatal mucosa is covered by multiple erythematous papillary projections. surgical removal
Papillary Hyperplasia
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Increased in bulk of the free/attached gingiva, especially the interdental papilla; no stippling and rounded margins
Gingival Hyperplasia
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Excessive proliferation of chronically inflamed dental pulp tissue (EXT or RCT)
Pulp Polyp
-
Most common cyst in oral region
Radicular (PA) Cyst
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Appears as slight raggedness or blunting of the apex and can proceed to severe loss of tooth root structure
External Root resorption
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Change in bone near apex thought to be reaction to low grade infection. Usually associated with carious tooth or large restoration. Asymptomatic in young adults. No treatment
Focal Sclerosing Osteomyelitis
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"Dry Socket" Post-op complication of tooth extraction. Loss of blood clot exposing bone which become infected.
Alveolar Osteitis
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