BIo

Concentrated urine is produced at the _______ and the collecting duct?

A) glomerlus
B) DCT
C) PCT
D) nephron

______ is conserved almost as stingily as water in the urinary system?

A) ammonia
B) calcium
C) salt
D) nitrogen

Individuals who need a kidney transplant usually undergo an artificial treatment called _________ until a kidney can be obtained?

A) blood transfusions
B) catheter
C) dialysis
D) urinalysis

Kidneys not only clean the blood but also produce hormones that regulate the concentration of calcium and formed elements in the blood.

A) true
B) false

Control of the internal and external urethral sphincter muscles is involuntary.

a) true
b) false

ADH increase urine volume.

a) true
b) false

Kidneys are found in the posterior portion of the abdominal cavity.

a) true
b) false

Blood leaves the kidneys through the ________.

A) renal artery
B) renal vein
C) renal cortex
D) arcuate vein

Reabsorption of water, bicarbonate ions, glucose, amino acids, and sodium occur in the ______.

A) PCT
B) DCT
C) Renal cortex
D) Glomerlus

The distance from the exterior to the bladder is ______ in females resulting in ______ urinary tract infections.

A) Longer and fewer
B) Shorter and fewer
C) Shorter and more
D) Longer and more

Nephrons are encircled by _______ that provide the link between the urinary and cardiovascular systems?

A) capillaries
B) arteriole
C) ateries
D) veins

Substances that are not reabsorbed in the PCT?

A) Enter the lumen of the nephron
B) Enter the glomerlus
C) Enter the nephron loop

The filtering units of the kidneys are called ________?

A) nephrons
B) renal pyramids
C) renal pyramids
D) renal pelvis

Nephrons are encircled by _______ that provide the link between the urinary and cardiovascular systems?

A) arteriole
B) arteries
C) veins
D) capillaries

The composition of glomerular filtrate includes nitrogenous waste and _______?

A) salts
B) water
C) nutrients
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Urine formation begins in the ___________?

A) renal medulla
B) renal pyramids
C) glomerulus
D) nephrons

Tubular reabsorption recycles ______ to the blood?

A) ions
B) water
C) organic compounds
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

The ______ allows for final adjustments in the composition of urine:

A) DCT
B) PCT
C) nephron
D) glomerulus

_______ incontinence is the leaking of urine during physical exertion?

A) stress
B) overlow
C) urge

The __________ carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

A) urethra
B) urter
C) nephrons
D) glomerulus

Which of the following is not a specific function of the urinary system

A) production of urine
B) maintenance of red blod cell levels
C) maintenance of blood volume
D) maintenance of blood pH

The sequence of blood vessels through the kidneys is

A) renal artery-> peritubular capillaries-> efferent arteriole-> afferent arteriole-> renal vein
B) renal artery-> efferent arteriole-> peritubular capillaries-> interlobular artery-> renal vein
C) renal artery-> afferent arteriole-> efferent arteriole-> peritubular capillaries-> renal vein
D) renal vein-> renal artery-> peritubular capillaries-> interlobular veins

Most of the filtered water, and hopefully all of the filtered glucose, is returned to the bloodstream at the

A) collecting duct
B) DCT
C) loop of Henle
D) PCT

Kidney stones are formed when

A) too much calcium rich foods are consumed
B) kidney failure is experienced
C) overly concentrated urine is produced
D) overly dilute urine is produced

The urethra of females carries both urine and reproductive fluids

a) true
b) false

Dilute urine is produced when

A) ADH is absent
B) solutes are added to the forming urine
C) ADH is present
D) water is removed from the collecting ducts

If you drink more water than you need, _______ will be secreted and you will lose water through the urinary system.

A) ADH
B) ANP
C) Aldosterone
D) both ANP and aldosterone

Both caffeine and alcohol serve as diuretics, causing the production of copious dilute urine.

a) true
b) false

The compound most important in driving respiration rates and debt of breathing is:

A) hydrogen ions
B) oxygen
C) bicarbonate ions
D) carbon dioxide

Urinalysis is able to detect all of the following except:

A) metabolic kidney disorders
B) vitamin supplement
C) illegal drug use
D) viral infection

If a physician want to remove excess potassium from the blood, she or he must include a ______ of potassium in the dialysis fluid than the level that occurs in the blood.

a) higher level
b) lower level

The inability to prevent urine leakage

A) dialysis
B) nitrogenous waste
C) solutes
D) incontinence

Ring of voluntary skeletal muscle that closes the urethra

A) facilitated diffusion
B) external sphincter muscle
C) casts
D) microvilli

Ring of involuntary smooth muscle that keeps the urethra closed

A) peritubular capillaries
B) peritonium
C) internal urethral sphincter
D) nephrons

Osmotic pressure of a solution.

A) incontinence
B) osmolarity
C) external sphincter muscles
D) internal urethral sphincter

Capillaries that surround the nephron

A) nephrons
B) peritubular capillaries
C) peritoneum
D) internal urethral sphincter

The filtering unit of the kidney

A) external sphincter muscle
B) incontinence
C) nephron
D) secreted

Membrane lining the abdominal cavity

A) incontinence
B) osmolarity
C) secreted
D) peritoneum

Small structures formed by mineral or fat deposits on the walls of the renal tubules

A) microvilli
B) solutes
C) casts
D) facilitated diffusion

A chemical componud composed of calsium ions bound to the oxalate ion (CSO42-).

Substance dissolved in a solvent

Substance exchange via difussion across a membrane, artifically mimiking the kidney.

In this sense, actively transported from the blood to the filtrate

Small hairlike folds of the cell membrane that increase the cell's surface area for aborption

Compounds containing nitrogen, such as urea, that are produced during protein metabolism

Movement of substance across a membrane from high concentration to low with the assistance of a carrier molecule