Chapter 22

What are the primary organs of the male reproductive
system?

Where are the sperm cells formed?

cell division that halves the genetic material, resulting in egg and sperm cells

How many chromosomes are in a sperm cell?

Name the structures of the sperm cell.

What is contained in the acrosome?

produce sperm cells

produce and secrete male sex hormones

promotes sperm cell maturation, stores sperm cells, conveys sperm cells to ductus deferens

conveys sperm cells to ejaculatory duct

secretes an alkaline fluid that helps neutralize the acidic components of semen and enhances sperm cell motillity

secretes an alkaline fluid containing nutrients and prostanglandins that helps neutralize the acidic components of semen

secretes fluid that lubricates end of the penis

encloses, protects, and regulates temperature of testes

conveys urine and semen to outside of body; richly supplied with sensory nerve endings associated with feelings of pleasure

What hormones are involved in the male reproductive
system?

What hormone is the most abundant androgen?

Testosterone-secreting cell in the interstitial area, between the seminiferous tubules, in the testis.

stimulates the development of the male reproductive organs and causes the testes to decend; resposible for the development and maintenance of male seconday sex charateristics

What temperature is approximately maintained in the
testes for sperm?

What happens if the testes do not descend?
cryptoorchidism

differentiation of an egg cell; beginning at puberty

when a primary oocyte divides, the cytoplasm is distributed unequally; the resulting larger cell is called _______?

when a primary oocyte divides, the cytoplasm is distributed unequally; the resulting smaller cell is called _______?

What happens to polar bodies during fertilization?

the primary oocyte enlarges, the follicular cell proliferate, and a fluid fulled cavity appears and produces a secondary follicle

What causes ovulation?

produces oocytes and female sex hormores

conveys secondary oocyte toward uterus; site of fertilization; conveys developing embryo to uterus

protects and sustains embryo during pregnancy

conveys uterine secretions to outside of body; provides open channel for offspring during child birth

enclose and protect other external reproductive organs

form margina of vestibule; protect openings of vagina and urethra

produces feelings of pleasure during sexual stimulation due to abundant sensory nerve endings in glans

space between lania minora that contains vaginal and urethral openings

secrete fluid that moistens and lubricates the vestibule

the infundibulum bears a number of irregular, branched extensions called _________?

inner mucosal layer, is covered with columnar epithelium and contains abundant tubular glands

thick, middle, muscular layer, consists largely of bundles of smooth muscle fibers in longitudinal, circular and spiral patterns and is interlaced with connective tissues

consists of an outer serosal layer, which covers the body of the uterus and part of the cervix

neck of the uterus; tubular part extends downward into the upper part of the vagina

responsible for the development and maintenance of most female secondary sex characteristics

prepares the uterus for pregnancy

What are the major events in a menstrual cycle?

structure that forms from the rupturedovarian follicle and secretes female hormones

cessation of the female reproductive system

composed of 15 to 20 irregualry shaped lobes. each lobe contains glands, drained by alveolar ducts

hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands

Where is milk stored in the mammary gland?

withdrawal of the penis from the vagina before ejaculation; some semen may be expelled from the penis before ejaculation

abstinence from sexual intercorse two days before andone day after ovulation

males and females can use condoms; females use diaphragms and cervical caps

spermicical film, sponges, suppositories, foams and gels

flexible ring inserted into the vagina, a plastic patch, or pill can deliver estrogen and progestin to prevent pregnancy

intramuscular injection with medroxyprogesterone acetate every three months prevents pregnancy

solid object inserted into the uterine cavity

vasectomy is performed in males
tubal ligation is performed in females

Which substances are contained in oral contraceptives?

human immunodeficiency virus

chlamydia trachomatis bacteria

herpes simplex 2 virus

human papilloma virus

neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria

treponema pallidum bacteria