Speech Sci

Volume of air inhaled and exhaled during a cycle of respiration

Volume of air that can be inhaled above tidal volume

Volume of air that can be exhaled below tidal volume

Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration and that cannot be voluntarily expelled

Volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation (includes IRV+TV+ERV)

Volume of air remaining in the lungs and airways at the end of a normal quiet exhalation

Total amount of air the lungs can hold (includes TV+IRV+ERV+RV)

a state of equilibrium in the respiratory system

• thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis (unpaired)
• arytenoids, corniculates, cuneiform (paired)
• hyoid bone

• Thyroarytenoid muscle
• Deep layer of Lamina Propria
• Intermediate layer of Lamina Propria
• Superficial layer of Lamina Propria
• Epithelium

The five layers of the vfolds have been classified on the basis of the differing degrees of stiffness of the layers. Cover refers to the epithelium and the superficial layer of the lamina propria. The transition or vocal ligament encompasses the intermediate layer. The body is formed by the thyroarytenoid muscle.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disease characterized by a rigidity of muscles that restricts the range of movement of the affected structures. The respiratory system may be one of the first speech systems affected. The rigid chest wall movement may limit the vital capacity. PD is typically associated with speech that is monotonous, soft, breathy, weak and imprecise artic

• Suprahyoid
• Ant and pos digastric
• stylohyoid
• mylohyoid
• geniohyoid
• hyoglossus
• Infrahyoid
• sternohyoid
• omohyoid
• sternothyroid
• thyrohyoid

• lateral cricoarytenoid
• interarytenoid
• post cricoarytenoid
• cricothyroid
• thyroarytenoid

The slight time lag between the opening and closing of the inferior and superior portions of the vocal folds

Timing difference between the anterior and posterior portions of the vocal folds as they open and close

Wavelike motion of the vocal folds during vibration

• lateral cricoarytenoid
• interarytenoid

posterior cricoarytenoid

cricothyroid

Thyroarytenoid

subglottal pressure is built up and forces vf apart, a puff of air escapes into the vocal tract, the vocal folds begin to close and form a narrow channel, air passing thru the constriction becomes neg, bern princ, when air passing thru a narrow channel inc in velocity and dec in pressure, difference in pressure above and below vf causes them to be sucked together, starting the process all over

Model that describes voice production as a combination of muscle force (myo), tissue elasticity (elastic), and air pressures and flows (aerodynamic).

Minimum amount of subglottal pressure required to set vocal folds into vibration

The vocal folds have a layered structure and varying levels of stiffness that vibrate in a complex manner. Fundamental freq and harmonics also contribute to make it a complex sound

a sound you would hear if you could somehow place a microphone at the larynx, before the sound travels thru the rest of the vocal tract; spectrum of the human voice

Their vocal tracts (filters) are different. Your voices sound different b/c the amplitudes of the harmonics in your voices are different

frequencies above fund in a complex periodic sound

distance between harmonic freq in a complex sound

• Jitter-(pitch) timing variability between cycles of vibration
• Shimmer-(intensity) amplitude will vary slightly with each cycle
• Jitter- 1% or less is norm, higher may indicate aperiodic movement
• Shimmer- .5dB or less
• Children have higher jitter values than adults and elderly adults have higher values than younger adults

• register- range of pitches
• pulse- refers to a range of very low fund freq that creates creaky popping sound (glottal fry), vf closed for longer period of time
• falsetto- refers to very high range, vf long and stiff, not vibrate as fully, thinner
• modal- the register most commonly used in normal conversational speech

harmonics-to-noise ration- measure of the proportion of harmonic sound to noise in the voice measured in decibels, quantifies the relative amount of additive noise in the voice signal, the lower the HNR the more noise that exists, used to make objective measurements to assess voice

Electroglottography- method of evaluation vocal fold function noninvasively; a high freq signal of very low current is generated and passed thru 2 surface electrodes held in place w/ a velcro band at either side of the person's thyroid cartilage, the current passes from one electrode to the other when vf closed