neuroscience

premotor strip

broca's area

heschel's byrus

wernick's area

primary sensory cortex also holds the post central gyrus

lateral sulcus

central sulcus

primary visual cortex

primary auditory cortex

found in the left hemisphere ability to sound out unfamiliar words

the primary mother cortes is located in the ____gyrus

the ____ tract is the major deceding voluntary motor tract

cortical areas involved in audition are found in the ___

the specialize motor speech area is located at the base of the precentral gyrus in an area called _____

frontal lobe

left hemisphere is a little larger
90% left dominant for language for most people 10% right dominant

commisural fibers same hemisphere
association fibers opposite hemisphere

two himispheres divided into 4 lobes
frontal, parietal, temporal, occiptital

(horse's tail)
collection of spiral nerves

a swelling on the course of a nerve
corresponds to a collection of nerves

gaps between schwann cells on myelinated

junction between 2 neurons or muscle, gland

sensory and motor nerves in brain and spinal cord

space between bulb and plasma membrain

regulates ANS and endocrine by governing pituitary gland

sensory info to the cerebum

what protects the brain and spinal cord

relay nerve impulses fromone side of the cerebellum to another

a myelin sheat that surrounds only axons in the PNS

________ is a structual support of delecat CNS neurons and is a part of the blood-brain barrier

The pathway for a simple nervous reaction is _____ _____.

The _______ carries nerve impulses form the cerbrum to the pons and sensory impulses from the spinal cord to the thalamus

________ is a white fatty substance that craps around the axon and insulates while helping the impulses travel faster.

_________ carry info away from the cell body of the neuron.

__________ is located between the cerebrum and midbrain and has 2 main parts the ________ and __________?

________ _________ is the ________ and ________ between the spinal cord and brain.

__________ is a large band of neural fibers conecting the two brain hemisphers and carying messages between them.

Dendrites

efferent

information going to the brain is _________.

Glia

_______ enhance the formation and maintenance of neural connections and modify neural functioning.

a cell that conducts electrochemical signals.
the basic unit of the nervous system.
also called a nerve cell.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Sympathetic Nervous System

Subdivision of the PNS that regulates the internal organs and glands.

subdivision of the PNS that connects to sensory receptors and skeletal muscles
aka skeletal nervous system

ALL portions of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord..... includes the sensory and motor nerves

Spinal Cord

Central Nervous System
CNS

all from the head & neck - percieved through cranial nerves

General Senses

General Senses

Hearing- VIII
Vision- II
Taste- VII & IX
Smell- I
Balance- part of inner ear CNVIII

orientation of your body in space ( kinesthesia)

touch, pressure, vibration, kinethesia

temperature

deals with pain

info coming from environment
Hearing, vision, smell, touch, superficial pain, temperature, itching, tickling, taste

Proprioceptors

Visceral pain, visceral pressure
- internal sensations from the visera (your
gut) heart, lungs, etc,

_________ is another word for tract

I feel it or I don't

Cell bodies in the PNS are called _________

cell bodies in the CNS are called ________

Nodes of Ranvier

multiple sclerosis is caused by

end point of informantion in the cell body

Dorsal root carries

Ventral root carries

Termination of a "synapse" can happen on:

has 2 order neurons UMN and LMN

Upper Motor Neuron

Lover Motor Neurons

Bulbar

LMN in the corticalspinal tract is a

LMN in the corticalbulbar tract is a

If a Lesion occurs in the anterior tract of the pyramidal system the outcome is not that bad BECAUSE

85-90% of fibers in the pyramidal system use the _________ tract and if a lesion occurs the outcome is _______.

In the pyramiday system the _______ is the 1st order neruron.

LMN is the ______ order neuron in the pyramidal system.

__________ _______ is composed of the UMN of the cranial nerves

corticobulbar tract innervate eyes in the

Pyramidal system is comprised of two tracts:

two much muscle contraction with bilateral damage int he upper neurons (damage to UMN)

Hpertonia

(damage to UMN) can cause an increase of exaggerated reflexes and is called__________.

The ________ ________ is when the doctors test an infant to see if when a heel to big toe stroke makes the toes fan out. (this should not present in adults)(damage to UMN)

Denervation is:

decreased muscle tone, astrophy of muscles are present in ________.

Fribrillations are

Twitching of muscle groups are called ________.

No reflexes present

A more crude, primitive pathway is

The ________ structures are where movement tends to be initiated

striatum is aka

________ is apart of the forebrain and subcortal (inside rather than outside)

The striatum is the major input station of the _______ ________ system.

The _______ ______ inputs into the striatum.

In ________ the striatum is divided by a _______ _______ tract called the ________ _________ and ________.

Dyskinesias

Hyperkinesia

Hypokinesia

when muscles are at rest and there is shaking this is a

This happens when uscles are resisting gravity

________ tremors happen during ________ movements

damage to the basal ganglia brings upon ___________ desiese

Athetosis

Quick random hyperkinetic movements are_________.

Dystonia

A sharp brief muscle contraction that looks similar to a muscle jerk and normally happens after a stroke is called ________.

Tardive dyskinesia

Disarthria

Cerebellar system

two hemispheres that are divided into 3 lobes

In the cerebellar system the _________ lobe is responsible for __________ posture.

In the cerebellar system the _________ lobe is responsible for _________ of _________ movement.

In the cerebellar system the _____________lobe regulates ___________.

The _________ connects two cerebellar hemispheres.

__________ ________ is important stopping points for the connections throughout that is located in the _______ _______.

__________ have a specific funtion and serve as a _________ for certain bundles of fibers in the cerebellar system.

Inferior Peduncles

Middle Peduncles

Superior Peduncles

ataxia

decomposition of movement

dysmetria

adiadochokinesia

Hypertonia