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What are the femur's main functions
- It is the largest/longest/strongest bone in the body
- Transfers weight from hip down to feet or from feet to hip and up the vertebral column
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What are the main anatomical features of the femur?
- Femoral neck
- Greater/Lesser trochanters
- Femoral head
- Intertrochanteric line
- Intertrochanteric crest
- Linea aspera
- Lateral/Medial condyles
- Intercondylar notch
- Later/Medial epicondyles
- AD-ductor tubercle
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Femoral neck
The weakest aspect of the femur; made of cancelous bone
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Femoral head
The rounded portion of the femur that articulates with the acetabulum
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Intertrochanteric line
The intertrochanteric line is a raised elevation on the anterior and proximal aspect of the femur that runs between the greater and lesser trochanters; it forms the base of the femoral neck
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Intertrochanteric crest
The intertrochanteric crest is a raised elevation located on the posterior and proximal aspect of the femur; together with the intertrochanteric line, it differentiates between the shaft and neck of the femur
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Linea aspera
A longitudinal ridge running down the posterior aspect of the femur that allows for the attachment of various muscles
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AD-ductor tubercle of the femur
A small, raised elevation that is superior to the medial epicondyle and is the site for the insertion of the adductor magnus
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Intercondylar notch
The area between the condyles where two ligaments, the ACL and PCL, run; the intercondylar notch is shallower in females, which makes women more prone to ACL injuries because there is less room in which the ligaments can run
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What are the most significant differences between the lateral and medial condyles of the femur?
The medial condyle is wider and longer than the lateral condyle
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When older people slip and fall, 99% of the time they break the ________.
Femoral neck made of cancelous bone
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What are the main functions of the tibia?
- It is the largest weight-bearing bone in the LOWER leg
- It articulates with femoral condyles (proximally) and talus (distally)
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What are the main anatomical features of the tibia?
- Tibial tuberosity
- Medial malleolus
- Tibia condyles
- Tibial plateau
- Tibiofemoral joint
- Talocrural joint
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Tibial tuberosity
- The location on the attachment of the quad muscles
- The site of pain caused by Osgood Schlatters - during adolescence, pain of the tibial tuberosity on the non-dominant (plant) leg caused by too much pull by the quads; it occurs on an individual's plant leg because it takes the most force of the quads
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Tibia condyles
Flat; articulate with the femoral condyles
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Tibial plateau
Flat area that is composed of medial and lateral parts
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Tibiofemoral joint
The knee; synovial
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Talocrural joint
The articulation between the distal tibia and talus; the "ankle joint"
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What are the the main functions of the fibula?
- Non weight-bearing
- Adds stability at the ankle joint
- Provides muscle attachment
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What are the main anatomical features of the fibula?
- Fibular head
- Lateral malleolus (distally)
- Proximal tibia-fibular joint
- Distal tibia-fibular joint
- Longer than the tibia
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Proximal tibia-fibular joint
Synovial; stabilized by anterior and posterior tibia-fibular ligaments
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Distal tibia-fibular joint
Syndesmosis; includes interosseous membrane
If you damage the distal tibia-fibular joint, you typically hurt/tore the interosseous membrane (called a "high ankle sprain")
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Rectus Femoris
Origin: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS)
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon
Action: Knee extension; hip flexion
- *Bipennate*
- *Exercises: Lunges, leg press, leg extension, wall sits, squats (works muscle eccentrically on the way up)*
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Vastus Lateralis
Origin: Lateral shaft of the femur
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon
Action: Knee extension
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Can you train the vastus lateralis without training the rectus femoris?
No
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Vastus Medialis
Origin: Medial shaft of femur
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
Action: Knee extension in the last 15 - 30 degrees
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Vastus Intermedius
Origin: Anterior shaft of the femur
Insertion: Tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon
Action: Knee extension
*Fusiform muscle*
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What are the four muscles that make up the quadriceps?
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus intermedius
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Sartorius
Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)
Insertion: Medial tibial plateau
Action: Hip flexion, knee extension, hip external rotation
- *Lies superficial to the quadriceps*
- *Known as the "tailor's muscles"*
- *One of the three muscles that inserts into the PES ANSERINE*
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What is the common name for the medial tibial plateau and what muscles insert there?
- The medial tibial plateau is commonly called the PES ANSERINE
- Three muscles insert there - Sartorius, Semitendinosis, Gracillis
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