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Perfect ratio for surface are and volume
L
2
/ L
3
= 1.2
SA/V
Substrate
Cell extracts energe and creates an external product from the chemical reaction
Open System
Anything alive
Rate of division
When a cell decides to make a copy of itself, how fast does it occur?
Rate of division in human cells.
25 x 10
12
Growth Curve Equation
N
f
= N
i
x 2
n
Stages of growth curve
Lag
Log
Stationary
Death
n in growth curve
hours/ division rate
Growth curve with very little/ no lag
Most Virulent
Thermodynamically working at maximum speed
Growth curve with long/ slow lag
Less virulent
Process for virus
Protein finds a recpetor
Virus is received or denited
Virus is copied by cell upon entrance
Exits out to envirnment
Can exist outside a cell and influences the process.
Endogenous
Bacteria
Exists in cell and influences the product and cell.
Indogenous
Virus
Subclinical stage of growth rate
Lag Time
Koch Postulate
Four criteria to establish causual relationship between microbe and disease
1) isolate organism from person
2) identify the isolated organism
3) test on a healthy animale
4) repeat to determine if organism is indeed a pathogen
Fundamental pieces of cell
Carbs
proteins
lipids
nucleic acid
Amino Acid
H-C-(NH2)(COOH)-R
Virus 'Pads'
Proteins
Compatible Virus
If the receptor on a potential host is a proteind then it invites the virus protein in.
Shapes looking for each other
Treatment for Viruses
attempt to hide the receptor so the virus can't find its 'match'
Enzymes in virus
catalyst
more effective enzymes result in rapid cell copying
Serology Test
1) Antogens- place on slide and wait for chemical reactions
2) antibodies
Procaryote
4 billion years ago
Simple
Anaerobic
No nucleus
Cytoplast is work central
Ribosum
Very durable cell wall
Inorganic Chemistry
Eucaryote
2 Billion years ago
Complex
Nucleus
Ribosom
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Aerobic
Organic Chemistry
Organells
specialized subunit within a eucaryotic cell with a specific function
usually separately enclosed within its own lipid bilayer
Current O2 levels in atmosphere
30-39%
Glycolysis
metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+.
The free energy released in this process forms the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
RBC
Most primative cell
No nucleus
not sophisticated
glucose in ---> lactate out
Delta G
Potential free energy in glucose
Freed energy from glycolisis
Kinetic Energy
To kill cells in large numbers the the target is....
Enzymes in metabolic state
Invagination in membrane
increases surface area and allows the cells to work easier
Cannot have more volume than SA to move goods in and out
Pilus
extension from cell
Lipids and Gram Stain
Lipids = Gram Negative
Blood Agar Plates
7% sheep RBC
Crystal Violet
Iodine
Alcohol
Safarin (counter stain)
Which of the followin will lose color in Gram Stain?
Gram Negative in Alcohol
To stain for TB?
Acid Fast Stain
N
f
Where cells meet time
B
N
i
Start of # of cells
A
germs get going
n
Number of cells
log
D
Symptoms present
Lag
Cells looking at DNA to determine next steps...
C
Stagnate
Top of curve
E
Treatment
Decline of curve
death of cells
F
Recovery
Microbiology studies/ encompasses
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa
Algae
Helminths
Recombinant DNA
Technology that allows the deliberate altering if DNA
Morphology
Structure
Physiology
Function
Genetics
Inheritence
Glycocalyx
functions in attachment to other cells as receptors
Gram Stain
Delineates two different groups of bacteria
Gram Positive
Looks like an open faced sandwich
Gram Negative
3 layer sandwich
Pyruvic acid
key intersection in several metabolic pathways.
output of the anaerobic metabolism of glucose known as glycolysis
Author
chiroclown
ID
82918
Card Set
MicroBio
Description
Chapters 1-8 (Supposedly
Updated
2011-05-01T04:46:46Z
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