ch 20 final

Magic bullet, coined the term chemotherapeutic

Antibiosis --> antibiotic; discovered pencillin

1st sulfer drug

any drugs used in treatment of porphylaxis of disease.

preventing risk of infection.

All antimircobal drugs regardless of origin

microbe made substances again other microbes

Lab modified drugs after being ioslatd from natural sources

completely made in the lab

Natural penicillin

Effect against gram + and gram - ; may be against some fungi and protozoan.

Selectively toxic, mircobicidal rather than microbistatic, not metabolized too quickley, doesnt lead to dev. of resistance and easily souble.

• Affect the bacterial cell wall
• ex. penicillin, bacitracin and vancomycin

Polymixin B- causes leakgae of cell contents

• Target the ribosmal messenger RNA complex.
• Most effective against gram - bacteria

• Block proetin synth.
• bacteristatic
• prevents the attachment of tRNA
• broad spect.
• toxicity- GIT problems, staining of teeth and photo senstive.

• Bactristatic
• prevents peptide bond formation
• broad spect
• highly toxic- irrevisable bone marrow damage.

• A marcolide
• narrow spect
• bacteristatic
• attaches to 50S ribosome (prevent movement of ribosome on mRNA)

• Bactericidal
• broad spect
• inhibit DNA synthesis
• ex. norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin

• Inhibits RNA synth
• Narrow spect
• effective against tuberculosis

• They are bacteriostatic
• Sulfonamides (sulfa drugs)
• block syth of folic acid in bacteria
• most are narrow spect

• Antifungal drug
• An Antiboiotic
• binds sterol in PM cause leakage of contents
• toxic to human cells
• used on surface and systemic infections

• interferes w/ mitosis
• fungistatic
• used agaisnt ringworm and athletes foot

• Broad spect
• fungicidal
• ex clotrimazole and miconazole

• fungicidal
• analog of cytocine
• inhibits RNA syth
• used in combination w/ other antifungals

• 1) Quinine from cinchona tree
• 2) Doxycycline from prophylaxis

• Chloroquine- inhibits DNA syth
• Mefloquine- semisythetic; used to treat chloroquine resistant form
• Malarone- for prophylaxis

• Size and similarity to human physiology
• Helminthes include: tapeworm, fluke and roundworms

• effective against round worms
• interfere w/ glucose metabolism in the intestines

• destorys scolex and attatched to proglottids
• effective against tapeworms
• may cause serve ab cramps

• Used for tapeworm and fluke infections
• disrupt plamsa membrane

Selective toxicity

• Against type influeneza A virus
• block the H spikes

• effective against both influenza a and b
• block the N spikes

• Purine (a or g)
• Pyrimdines (t, c and u)
• Block DNA and RNA syth

• Antiherpes drugs- used orally or locally
• blocks DNA syth

• Anti HIV
• Dideoxyinosine
• Dideoxycytidine
• ^^ prevent syth of DNA from RNA
• HIV is retro virus

• Anti HIV
• viral protease inhibitors: indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, and crixivan

mircobes tolerate drug amounts that usually inhibit them

intermicrobial gene transfer in form or plasmids called resistance (r) factors or through mutations

• Activation of enzymes
• alteration of binding sites for drugs
• an affected metabolic pathway is shut down or alternated pathway is used

• Use drugs only when necessary
• follow instructions for intake
• use combination therapy - for synergistic effect and to decrease toxicity

target mostly resistance microbes

plants, animals and sythetic cmpds such as: Synth DNA called triplex agent and antisense agent- those neutrilize genes and mRNAs that code for mircobial pathogenic proteins

• short peptides produced by bacteria against other bacteria
• used in food preservation
• have potential in chemotherapy

Replace lost mircobes and add to those already there