True or False. Homeostasis involves maintaining the same internal body conditions without change
False
What is the purpose of hydrogen bonds in DNA?
They occur between complementary bases of the 2 strands of DNA
They hold together the two strands of the double helix.
How is margarine made from liquid plant oils?
Add hydrogen atoms to the carbon atoms in the fatty acid chains.
A theory is best described as
a hypothesis confirmed by many experiments
Which of these is NOT a useful function of fat in the body?
Forms the bulk of brain tissue
What component of the scientific method allows you to reject a hypothesis?
experimentation
Human beings differ from other living organisms by which of the following characteristics?
Possess cultural heritage
Which of the following statements is/are true of carbohydrates?
They may be monomers or polymers
Unsaturated fatty acids are
Missing one or more hydrogen atoms along the carbon chains.
Characterized by double bonds between carbon atoms.
What toxic by-product builds up in human cells when oxygen is not used in the energy yielding processes?(Check and be sure of spelling)
lactic acid
Contains the genetic information necessary for control of cell structure and function
nucleus
Membraneous channels involved in protein and lipid synthesis and transport
endoplasmic reticulum
Small organelles where protein synthesis occurs.
ribosomes
Stacks of flattened sacs that modify proteins and lipids.
golgi apparatus
Allows only certain molecules or ions to enter and exit the cytoplasm freely.
plasma membrane
The energy yielding process occuring in cells where glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water is called
cellular respiration
When oxygen is not available in the cell for the production of ATP, how much ATP can be made?
2
Substances are surrounded and engulfed by the plasma membrane
endocytosis
Molecules are transported across the plasma membrane from the side of higher concentration to the side of lower concentration with the help of protein carriers
facilitated transport
Random movement of molcules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until they are equally distributed
diffusion
Diffusion of water across a plasma membrane
osmosis
Movement of a solute across the plasma membrane from lower solute concentation to higher solute concentration requiring both protein carriers and energy
active transport
In the reaction equation: A----B----C----D, A through D is known as a:
metabolic pathway
The energy yielding process where glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water in three subpathways yields how many molecules of ATP in human cells?
36
Attached to certain points of the plasma membrane are short chains of sugars which act as a ____________ for chemical messengers such as hormones
receptor
The reaction of an enzyme with a substrate is sometimes assisted by organic nonprotein molecules called
coenzymes
Thr processes that release energy in the human cell begin in the cytoplasm but are completed in the organelle known as the
mitochondria
The energy yielding process in cells where glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water has three subpathways. The first is:
glycolysis
_____________ is the energy yielding process that occurs in human cells when oxygen is NOT available.(
fermentation
Enzymes and substrates are brought together in a specific region of the enzyme known as the:
active site
The structure of the plasma membrane is described as a bilayer of:
lipids
In the reaction equation: A----B----C----D, what is always required in the cell to proceed from A to B to C to D
Specific enzymes
Molecules of ____________ are found embedded throughout the fluid plasma membrane
protein
The energy yielding process in cells where glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide and water has three subpathways. The final subpathway, and the one that yields the most energy is
electron transport system
The energy currency of the cell is
ATP
In the equation of a chemical reaction: A----B----C----D, A is the:
beginning reactant
In the reaction equation: A----B----C----D, D is the: