pyrophosphate salts and zinc salts (zinc chloride and zinc citrate) are both __________ ingredients of dentrifice
therapeutic
DETERGENTS have _____ surface tension, penetrate and loosen surface deposits; ______ debris for easy removal; contributes to ______.
lower
emulsify
foam
sodium laurel sulfate; sodium n-lauryl sarcosinate _________ in dentrifice
detergents ("lauryl" uses laundry "detergent" that "foams")
t/f cleaning and polishing agents in dentrifice clean well without damage to tooth
true
what is in dentrifice to polish and smooth surface which can prevent or delay reaccumulation of stain or deposit?
cleaning and polishing agent
calcium carbonate
phosphate salts
hydrated aluminum oxide
silica
silicates
dehydrated silica gels
are all ______ and ______ ______
cleaning and polishing agents
what part of dentrifice stabilizes formulation; prevents separation of solid and liquid ingredients?
binders
mineral colloids
natural gums
seaweed colloid
synthetic cellusloses
are all _______
binders
in dentrifice, what retains moisture and prevents hardening?
humectant ("humid")
xylitol
glycerol
sorbitol
are all _______
humectants
_________ prevent bacteria growth and prolong shelf life
preservatives
alcohol
benzoates
dichlorinated phenols
are all _______
preservatives
________ _______ impart pleasant flavor; mask other ingredients that may have less pleasant flavor
flavoring agents
essential oils (peppermint, cinnamon, wintergreen)
artificial non-cariogenic sweetener (xylitol, glycerol, sorbitol)
are all ____ ______
flavoring agents
mouthrinse goes ___mm into the sulcus
2mm
what is the purpose of a mouthrinse? 7
reduce intraoral microorganisms
reduce aerosol contamination
biofilm control
caries prevention
remineralization of early caries
prevent gingivitis
malodor control
posttreatment therapy
prolonged use of hydrogen peroxide leads to ______ _____ _____
black hairy tongue
reduces bacteria
controls inflammation
controls infections
reduces inflammatory mediators
are all _____ ______ purposes
oral irrigation
reduce gingivitis and bleeding
reduce or alter biofilm
reduce inflammatory mediators
deliver antimicrobial agents
are all benefits of _______ ______
oral irrigation
what are the types of irrigation? 2
power driven
nonpower driven
_________ biofilm has gram POSITIVE rods and cocci
SUBgingival
how many days does it take for vibrios, spirochetes, and gram NEGATIVE organisms to appear in SUPRAgingival biofilm?
7-14 days
what is the significance of an acquired pellicle? 4
protection
lubrication
nidus (adherence) for bacteria
attachement of calc
what is an acquired pellicle derived from?
GLYCOPROTEINS from the saliva that are selectively adsorbed by the HYDROXYAPETITE of the tooth surface
an acquired pellicle is highly ________
insoluble
what structures will an acquired pellicle form on? 4
teeth
calc deposits
restorations
complete/partial dentures
the stages in formation of dental biofilm range from ___-____ days
1-21
1-2 days = gram _____ cocci in the biofilm
POSITIVE
2-4 days = gram _____ cocci (_______) in the biofilm
POSITIVE
GROWING
4-7 days, the flora with gram negative ________ and ________ in the biofilm
spirochetes
vibrios
7-14 days = vibrios and spirochetes (_______ ________)
inflammatory response
14-21 days = vibrios, spirochetes, ______, filamentous form (_______)
cocci
gingivitis
recolonization without daily biofilm control = ____ days
42
___-___ weeks when biofilm is left undisturbed on the tooth surface and gingivitis develops
2-3 weeks
_____ biofilm is the tooth surface-attached biofilm-over pellicle, covers tooth surface and is associated with calc formation, root caries and root resorption
SUBgingival biofilm
unattached biofilm-planktonic-free floating biofilm with many WBCs = _______ biofilm
SUBgingival
epithelium associated biofilm- advancement of perio infection, once in epithelium goes into bone and starts bone loss = _________ biofilm
SUBgingival biofilm
biofilm is ____ water
80%
biofilm is ___ organic and inorganic
20%
____-____ percent of microorganisms are in solid matter
70-80%
calcium phosphorus
fluoride
magnesium
are the ______ elements of biofilm
inorganic
carbs (glucans and fructans or levans) and proteins are _________ elements of biofilm
organic
what is the initiation fo a lesion?
strep mutans
what is lactobacilli?
present in the progression of a lesion
what is an normal/neutral pH?
6.2 - 7
what is the pH for enamel demineralization?
4.5-5.5
what is the pH for root demineralization?
6-6.7
lemon juice
carbonated beverages
vinegar
orange juice
beer
coffee
egg yolks
these are all foods that _____ the pH
