Female reproductive system

neck or cervix

vagina

vulva (covering)

woman

uterus

milk

breast

menstruation

midwife

ovary

egg

pelvis; hip bones

uterine (fallopian) tube; also, eustachian tube

labor or birth

beginning

womb; a pear-shaped organ in the pelvic ccavity in which the embryo and fetus develops

upper portion of the uterus above the entry to the uterine tubes

lining of the uterus, which is shed approximately every 28 to 30 days in a nonpregnant female during mestruation

muscular wall of the uterus

tubes extending from each side fo the uterus toward the ovary that provide a passage for ova to the uterus

uterine tubes and ovaries (uterine appendages)

right tube and ovary

left tube and ovary

one of two glands located on each side of the pelvic cavity that produce ova and female sex hormones

neck of the uterus

opening of the cervix to the uterus

tubular passageway from the cervix to the outside of the body

external gentalia of the female

folds of tissue on either side of the vaginal opening; known as the labia majora and labia minora

female erectile tissue in the anterior portion of the vulva

fold of mucous membrane that encircles the entrance to the vagina

entrance to the vagina

two glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete a lubricant during intercourse

region between the vulva and anus

two glands in the female breasts that are capable of producing milk

nipple

dark-pigmented area around the nipple

the developing organism from fertilization to the end of the eight week

the developing organism from the ninth week to birth

vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy to provide nourishment for the fetus

innermost of the membranes surrounding the embryo in the uterus, filled with amniotic fluid

fluid within the amniotic sac that surrounds and protects the fetus

intestinal discharges of the fetus that form the first stools in the newborn

absence of menstruaiton

painful menstruation

scanty menstrual period

absence of ovulation

painful intercourse

abnormal white or yellow vaginal discharge

excessive bleeding at the time of menstruation (menses)

bleeding from the uterus at any time other than normal menstruation

irregular ovulation

inflammation of the cervix

birth defects that cause abnormal development of an organ or a structure

congenital tumor composed of displaced embryonic tissue; typically found in an ovary and usually benign

displacement of the uterus from its normal position

abnormal forward bending of the uterus

abnormal backward bending of the uterus

backward turn of the whole uterus; also called tipped uterus

condition characterized by migration of portions of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity

inflammation of t he endometrium

benign tumor in the uterus composed of smooth muscle and fibrous conenctive tissue

abnormal passage, such as from one hollow organ to another

abnormal opening between the vagina and rectum

abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina

abnormal development of cervical tissue cells

potentially cancerous abnormality of epithelial tissue of the

abnormal development of cervical tissue cells

potentially cancerous abnormality of epithelial tissue of the cervix, graded according to the extent of abnormal cell formation

• CIN1; mild dysplasia
• CIN2; moderate dysplasia
• CIN3; severe dysplasia

malignant cell changes of the cervix that are localized, without any spread to adjacent structures

cessation of menstrual periods caused by lack of ovarian hormones

inflammation of one or both ovaries

cyst of the uterine tube (Fallopian tube)

scarring of tissue within the pelvic cavity resulting from endometriosis, infection, or injury

relaxation of supportive ligaments of the pelvic organs

pouching of the bladder into the vagina

pouching of the rectum into the vagina

pouching sac of peritoneum between the vagina and the rectum

pouching of the urethra into the vagina

descent of the uterus down the vaginal canal

inflammation of the fallopian tube

inflammaiton of the vagina with redness, sweling and irritation; often caused by a specific organism, such as Candida (yeast) or Trichomonas (sexually transmitted parasite)

thinning of the vagina and loss of moisture b/c of depletion of estrogen, which causes inflammation of tissue

infection of the vagina, with little or no inflammation, characterized by a milk-like discharge and an unpleasant odor; also known as nonspecific vaginitis

most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection; often occurs with no symptoms and is treated only after it has spread, such as after causing PID

contagious inflammation of the genital mucous membranes caused by invasion of the gonococcus Neisseria gonorrhea; the term refers to the urethral discharge characteristic of the infection, which was first thought to be a leakage of semen

infectious disease caused by a spirochete transmitted via direct, intimate contact and that may involve any organ or tissue over time; usually manifests first on the skin, with the appearance of small, painless, red papules that erod and form bloodless ulcers called chancres

virus that causes an inflammation of the liver; transmitted through any body fluid, including vaginal secretions, semen, and blood

virus that causes ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after the initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress

virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), permitting various opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases; contracted through exposure to contaminated blood or body fluid

virus transmitted by diect sexual contact; infection can minifest on the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals

lesion that appears as a result of human papilloma virus; on the skin, the lesions appear as cauliflower-like warts, and on mucous membranes, they have a flat appearance; also known as venereal or genital warts

malignant tumor of glandular breast tissue

absece of a breast

benign condition of the breast consisting of fibrous and cystic changes that render the tissue more dense; patient feels painful lumps that fluctuate with menstrual periods

development of mammary glands in the male caused by altered hormone levels

abnormally large breasts

unusually small breasts

inflammation of the breast; most commonly occurs in women who are breastfeeding

presence of more than two breasts

presence of more than one nipple on a breast

removal of tissue for microscopic pathologic examination

needle draw of tissue or fluid from a cavity for cytologic examination

removal of a specimen for biopsy during an endoscopic procedure

removal of an entire lesion for microscopic examination

removal of a piece of suspicious tissue for microscopic examination

use of x-ray imaging, a specialized stereotactic frame, and a computer to calculate, precisely locate, and direct a needle into a breast lesion to remove a core specimen for biopsy

biopsy of the sentinel node in a breast with early cancer to determine metastases and, if no malignancy is found, to avoid the extensive removal of axillary nodes, which causes lymphedema

examination of the vagina and cervix using a coloscope, a specialized microscope which often has a camera attachment for photographs; used to document findings and for follow-up treatments

use o fa hysteroscope to examine the intrauterine cavity for assessment of abnormalities

use of nonionizing images to detect gynecologic conditions or to stage tumors arising from the endometrium or cervix

study of cells collected from the cervix to screen for cancer and other abnormalities

x-ray imaging

x-ray of the fallopian tubes after injection of a contrast medium through the cervix; used to determine tubal patency

low-dose x-ray imaging of breast tissue to detect neoplasms

ultrasound imaging of the female pelvis

ultrasound image of the uterus, tubes, and ovaries made with the ultrasonic transducer within the vagina to detect conditions such as extopic pregnancy or missed abortion

transvaginal sonographic image made as sterile saline is injected into the uterus; used to assess uterine pathology or to determine tubal patency

ultrasound image of the lower abdomen, including the bladder, uterus, tubes, and ovaries to detect conditions such as cysts and tumors

breaking down or severing of pelvic adhesions

removal of a cone-shaped portion of the cervix

suture to repair the vagina

repair of a cystocele

repair of a rectocele

anterior and posterior repair of cystocele and rectocele

method of destroying tissue by freezing; used for treating dysplasia and early cancers

dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium to control bleeding, to obtain tissue for biopsy, or to remove polyps or products of conception

removal of the uterus

removal of the uterus through an incision in the abdomen

removal of the uterus through the vagina

removal of the uterus and the cervix

inspection of the abdominal or pelvic cavity with a laparoscope, which is an endoscope used to examine the abdominal and pelvic regions

surgical procedures within the abdominal or pelvic region using a laparoscope

use of a laser to destroy lesions or to dissect or cute tissue; used frequently in gynecology

use of electrosurgical or radio waves transformed through a loop-configured electrosurgical device to treat precancerous cervical lesions by simultaneous excisional biopsy and treatment of affected tissue dysplasia or human papilloma virus

excision of fibroid tumors

excision of an ovary

excision of an ovarian cyst

excision of a uterine tube

excision of both uterine tubes and ovaries

incision into a fallopian tube; often performed to remove an ectopic pregnancy

creation of an opening in the fallopian tube to open a blockage

sterilization of a woman by cutting and tying (ligating) the uterine tubes

excision of a breast tumor w/out removing any other tissue or lymph nodes; usually followed by radiation or chemotherapy if the tumor is cancerous

removal of a breast

removal of an entire breast but with the underlying muscle and axillary lymph nodes left intact

removal of an entire breast along with the underlying chest muscles and axillary lymph nodes

removal of an entire breast and lymph nodes of the axilla

surgical reconstruction of a breast

reconstruction to enlarge the breast, often by insertion of an implant

reconstruction to remove excessive breast tissue

elevation of pendulous breast tissue

treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce

treatment of neoplastic disease using radiation to deter the proliferation of malignant cells

use of a hormone to replace a deficiency or to regulate production

hormones used to prevent conception by suppressing ovulation

birth control pill

injection of a contraceptive hormone into the body

insertion of a contraceptive capsule under the skin to provide a continual infusion over an extended period

products that provide a physical barrier to prevent conception

contraceptie device inserted into the uterus that prevents implantation of a fertilized egg

creams, jellies, lotions, or foams containing agents that kill sperm

a pregnant woman; gravida followed by a number indicates the number of pregnancies

having never been pregnant

first pregnancy

to bear; a woman who has produced one or more viable offspring; para followed by a number indicates the number of times a pregnancy has resulted in a single or multiple birth

a woman who has not borne a child

first delivery

a woman who has given birth to two or more children

progressive obliteration of the endocervical canal during delivery

expected date for delivery of the baby; normally 280 days or 40 weeks from last menstrual period (LMP)

presence of meconium in amniotic fluid

rupture of the amniotic sac, usually at onset of labor

large-bodies baby commonly seen in diabetic pregnancies

excessive amniotic fluid

expulsion of the products of conception before the fetus is viable (able to live outside the uterus)

miscarriage; naturally occuring expulsion of the products of conception

spontaneous abortion occurring in three or more consecutive pregnancies

incomplete expulsion of the products of conception

death of a fetus or embryo within the uterus that is not naturally expelled after death

bleeding with the threat of miscarriage

condition preventing normal delivery through the birth canal; either the baby's head is too large or the birth canal is too small

true toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, severe headaches, dizinness, convulsions, and coma

toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressue, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, and puffiness of the face, w/out convulsion or coma

implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity, often in the tube or ovary, or, rarely, in the abdominal cavity

disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh-positive blood factor an a mother with an Rh-negative blood factor, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus; this condition necessitates a blood transfusion to save the fetus

presence, or lack, of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood fo the mother and the fetus, resulting in fetal anemia, which causes erythroblastosis fetalis

presence of antigens

absence of antigens

severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in the mother and fetus

fetal aspiration of amniotic fluid containing meconium

displaced attachment of the placenta in the lower region of the uterine cavity

premature detachment of a normally situated placenta

sampling of placental tissue for microscopic and chemical examination to detect fetal abnormalities

aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for analysis of possible fetal abnormalities

use of an electronic device for simltaneous recording of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions

obstetric measurement of the pelvis to evaluate proper conditions for vaginal delivery

test performed on urine or blood to detect the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone, which indicated pregnancy

ultrasound imaging of the female pelvis

ultrasound image of the uterus, tubes, and ovaries made after introduction of an ultrasonic transducer within the vagina; useful for detecting pathology

ultrasound image of the pregnant uterus to determine fetal development

surgical delivery of a baby via an incision through the abdomen and into the uterus

dilation of the cervix and removal of the products of conception; most commonly performed in the second trimester of pregnancy, after a missed abortion

incision of the perineum to facilitate delivery of a baby

intro of a solution into the amniotic sac; an isotonic solution is most commonly used to relieve fetal distress

abortion induced by mechanical means or by drugs for medical reasons

manual method for reversing the position of the fetus, usually done to facilitate delivery

abdominal manipulation

intravaginal manipulation

drug that causes abortion

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes myometrial contraction; used to induce labor

immunizing agent given to an Rh-negative mother within 72 hrs after delivering an Rh-positive baby to suppress the Rh immune response

drug used to stop labor contractions

abortion

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

anterior and posterior

biopsy

cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

carcinoma in situ

cephalopelvic disproportion

cesarean section

chorionic villus sampling

dilation and curettage

dilation and evacuation

estimated date of cofinement

estimated date of delivery

gynecology

hepatitis B virus

human immunodeficiency virus

human papilloma virus

hormone replacement therapy

herpes simplex virus type-2

intrauterine device

loop electrosurgical excision procedure

large-loop excision of the transformation zone

last menstrual period

magnetic resonance imaging

obstetrics

oral contraceptive pill

papanicolaou (smear)

pelvice inflammatory disease

pregnancy-induced hypertension

spotaneous abortion

sexually transmitted disease

therapeutic abortion