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How to calculate magnification of microscope
Piece you put your eye to (10x) multiplied by the objective lens power
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Surface area of a block
Area of one side multiplied by the number of sides
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Volume of a block
height*length*width
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High SA:Vol. ratio
less productivity
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Low SA:Vol. ratio
high productivity
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Diffusion
high concentration to low concentration
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Osmosis
diffusion of water or other solvent molecules through semipermeable membrane
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Dialysis
diffusion of a dissolved substance, or solute, through a semipermeable membrane
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How is the molecular size of a gas related to how far it travels?
the lighter, the farther
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How does a change in temperature affect the rate of movement of a gas?
Higher temperature= higher rate of diffusion
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In Osmosis, is the solute or solvent moving?
solvent
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If a solution one is
hypotonic to solution two, the second solution must be ______ to the first.
hypertonic
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If a plant wilts, what is
happening within the cells to cause this appearance?
Plasmolysis (water exits the cell via osmosis)
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What is plasmolysis and how
is it related to osmosis?
Water exiting the plant; exits by osmosis
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How are the terms
hypertonic and hypotonic related to plasmolysis?
a plant in a hypertonic solution will wilt because the cytoplasm inside the cells are hypotonic
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Dialysis tests:
Inside before
- Tests for Cl-
- add 3 drops of AgNO3 Milky white= yes
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Dialysis test:
Outside before
- Tests for SO42-
- add 3 drops of BaSO4
- white precipitate= yes
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Dialysis test:
Inside after
- Tests for protein
- dip an Albustix reagent strip in each tube
- green/blue-green= yes
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Dialysis test:
Outside after
- Tests for starch
- add 3 drops of Lugol's (iodine)
- dark blue= yes
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How do the absorbance
characteristics of chlorophyll differ or change across the spectrum?
It does not absorb a lot from 500-575nm (green)
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How did you produce
absorbance data for chlorophyll?
How did you obtain your chlorophyll extract?
Using a spectrophotometer; put spinach leaf in ethanol and heat it up
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Why did you initially make
readings as percent of transmission rather than as absorbance during the chlorophyll extracting experiment?
to make sure there was enough chlorophyll
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During the chlorophyll extracting experiment you
were required to get a transmittance with your chlorophyll solution of between
65% and 85%. Would the concentration be too high or too low if you acquired a transmittance of 52%? Why?
Too high because there is some blue being transmitted
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In the experiment with the light and Elodea in a test tube, what was the role of sodium
bicarbonate in the large test tube with the Elodea?
provide CO2
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What two tests could be
used to detect the presence of CO2 in expired air?
yeast fermentation and Elodea in a test tube with light
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How could you determine if a plant used or produced CO2 during photosynthesis?
If the orange water turned pink it used CO2
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In order to determine if fermentation actually occurred, what tests were performed to detect the
products?
- adding CO2 to Barium hydroxide to get a white precipitate (alcohol present)
- adding sodium iodide and sodium hydroxide to the solution to get a yellow precipitate (alcohol present)
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What metabolic process was being investigated using the hamburger experiment? Where in the hamburger meat did this process happen?
Citric Acid Cycle; mitochondria
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What is the relationship of succinic acid dehydrogenase to the hamburger experiment?
convert succinic acid to fumeric acid
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In this experiment what is/are the: Substrate, oxidation-reduction reaction(s), electron acceptor,
Co-enzyme, role of methylene blue, role of Malonic acid
- Substrate: succinic acid
- Oxidation-Reduction rxn: succinc acid removes hydrogen
- Electron acceptor: FAD
- Co-enzyme: FAD
- Methylene blue: enzyme
- Malonic acid: inhibitor
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Is the process beingevaluated in the hamburger experiment anaerobic or aerobic?
aerobic
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