Nutrition and Digestive System

• 1. Heterotroph: Consume source for food
• 2. Autotroph: Photosynthesis (plants)

• 1. Herbivore: Eat plants
• 2. Carnivore: Eat Meat
• 3. Omnivore: eat plant and meat
• 4. Mechanism---4 types

• Suspension- particles in water
• Substitute feeders- eat through food source (mouths)
• Fluid feeders- sucking feeders (mosquitos)
• Bulk Feeders- large pieces of food

• Ingestion- act of eating
• Digestion- breaking down large particles into small substances
• Absorption- absorb small molecules into blood vessels
• Elimination

"physically" breaking substance

Using enzymes, amyalase

salivary glands, secretes amyalase

tube beginning at mouth and ending at anus

section of tube connecting mouth to stomach. Contains "sphincter" which is a valve that regulates passage

• sac-like structure that is highly full with gastric juices.
• acid reflex- heartburn
• GERD- destruction of asaphagus lining
• Ulcers- open sores of stomach where acid breaking lining of stomach (caused by bacteria and regulated by antibiotics)

digestion ends and absorption begins

• "Colon" absorbs water
• diarrhea- virus/bacteria from poor water absorption
• constipation- feces moving too slowly form too much water absorption.

• Storage for feces
• Anus- opening that allows feces to exit

• Parts of digestive system where food does not touch!
• a. pancreas- produces hormones and enzymes (insulin)
• b. liver- produces bile to break down insoluble fats and proteins for blood.
• c. Gallbladder- stores bile
• d. appendix

• a. Fule source
• b. Essential nutrients
• c. Organic molecules

Organic minerals

• Those that are broken down in water environments
• 1. Vitamin B- helps enzymes
• 2. Vitamin C- used bones

• Excess is absorbed and stored
• 1. Vitamin A- visual pigments
• 2. Vitamin D- helps absorb Ca and P
• 3. Vitamin E- antioxidant
• 4. Vitamin K- blood clotting

• inorganic nutrients
• 1. Calcium- bone formation
• 2. Phosphers- nucleic acids
• 3. Sodium- H20 balance
• 4. Iron- Hemoglobin (blood)

• Consume more energy than use
• Causes:
• 1. Availability of fattening food
• 2. Larger portion
• 3. Genetics: lepkin- hormone produced by fat tissue

Adipose Tissue increase- Leptin increases- cues brain to suppress appetite

Adipose Tissue decrease- Leptin decreases- cues brain to eat

• Travels via blood stream as lippoproteins
• a) LDL's (Low density lippoproteins)
• - block blood vessels--heart attack
• -high blood pressure
• -saturated fats

• b) HDL's (High density lippoproteins)
• -decreased blockage of blood vessels
• -decreased blood pressure
• -unsaturated fats