CH.5

The ordering of organisms into categories, such as orders, families, and genera, to show evolutionary relationships

The phylum of the animal kingdom that includes vertebrates

Similarities between organisms based on descent from a common ancestor

Similarities between organisms based strictly on common function, with no assumed common evolutionary descent

The separate evolutionary development of similar characteristics in different groups of organisms

A traditional approach to classification (and evolutionary interpretation) in which presumed ancestors and descendants are traced in time by analysis of homologous characters

An approach to classification that attempts to make rigorous evolutionary interpretations based solely on analysis of certain types of homologous characters

Referring to characters inherited by a group of organisms from a remote ancestor and thus not diagnostic of groups that diverged after the character first appeared; also called primitive

a group of organisms sharing a common ancestor

referring to an evolutionary group composed of descendants all sharing a common ancestor

referring to characters that are modified from the ancestral condition and this diagnostic of particular evolutionary lineages

small to medium sized group living dinosaurs, dated to approximately 150 mya and thought to be related to birds

relating to specific character traits shared in common between two life-forms and considered the most useful for making evolutionary interpretations

a chart showing evolutionary relationships as determined by evolutionary systematics

a chart showing evolutionary relationships as determined by cladistic analysis

a depiction of species as groups of individuals capable of fertile interbreeding but reproductively isolated from other such groups

the process by which a new species evolves from an earlier species

a depiction of species in which the key aspect is the ability of individuals to identify members of their own species for the purpose of mating

the concept that species is a groups of organisms exploiting a sing niche

the position of a species within its physical and biological environments

splitting many populations into separate species based on an identifiable parental pattern of ancestry

living in different areas

differences in physical characteristics between males and females of the same species

within species; refers to variation seen within the same species

between species; refers to variation beyond that seen within the same species to include additional aspects seen between two species

species defined from fossil evidence, often covering a long time span

a group of closely related species

the organization of earth history into eras, periods, and epochs

the movements of continents on sliding plates of the earth's surface

categories of the geological time scale; subdivisions of periods

a type of mammal

having different kinds of teeth

able to maintain internal body temperature by producing energy through metabolic processes within cells

the relatively rapid expansion and diversification of life-forms into new ecological niches

the concept that evolutionary change proceeds through long periods of stasis punctuated by rapid periods of change