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Functions of Skin (5)
- Protection
- Perception
- Temperature Control
- Absorption
- Excretion
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How Skin Regulate Body Temperature
- Blood vessels close to skin surface dilate
- Heat from blood escapes through skin
- Body cools
- Blood vessels constrict to warm
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How Body Cool Surface
- Body produces sweat
- Air evaporates sweat from skin
- Cooling effect is felt
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Skin Layers (3)
- Epidermis - outer top layer
- Dermis - middle layer
- Subcutaneous - inner layer
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Skin Layers
Epidermis
Forms with dermis layer papillae to create uneven surface (finger prints)
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Skin Layers
Dermis
- Blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sweat and oil glands
- Called "True Skin"
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Skin Layers
Subcutaneous
Filled with fat globules, blood vessels and nerves
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Skin Appendages (4)
- Sweat Glands
- Oil Glands (Sebaceous)
- Hair
- Nails
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Albinism
- No color
- Hair yellow or white
- Eyes red in color (no iris pigment)
- Must wear sunglasses
- Must use sunscreen (cover skin)
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Vesicle
- Small circumscribed lesion
- filled with exudate and lymph
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Pustule
- A round lesion
- White center
- Red periphery that usually itches
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Macule
- Variously colored spot
- Neither elevated nor depressed
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Papule
- Solid, elevated circle
- Red mass pinhead to pea size
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Wheal
- Blisterlike
- Elevated mass containing serous fluid
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Transdermal
Applying medication to skin
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What can pass through skin
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What Can't Pass Through Skin
Carbon Monoxide
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Dermis Contains:
- Blood vessels
- Nerves
- Hair follicles
- Sweatand Oil glands
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Trichotillomania
Hair loss due to pulling out from compulsive behavior
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Describe Melanoma
- Asymmetry
- Irregular pigmentation
- Diameter larger than 6mm
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Herpes Simplex
Located around nose and mouth
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Wheal
- Temporary red
- Itchy spots
- Caused by allergic reaction or insect bite
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Melanin
- Brown - Black pigment
- Produced by cells called Melanocytes in epidermis
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Erythema
- Redness of skin
- AKA Sunburn
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Skin
Diagnostic Testing
- Used to diagnose disorders and diseases of the body
- Mostly Allergies
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Acne Vulgaris
- Inflammatory disease of follicles of sebaceous glands
- Suggest hormonal dysfunction and oversupply of sebum
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Alopecia
- Loss of hair on scalp
- 2 types: scarring type - irreversible hair loss and nonscarring - usually reversible (male pattern baldness)
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Sloow growing
- Most common malignant tumor affecting caucasions
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Invasive tumor with mastastic potential
- Highest in fair skinned caucasian males over 60
- Found on sun-damaged areas
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Malignant Melanoma
- Occurs between 50-70 years age
- More in women
- 4 Types: superficial spreading, nodular, lentigo maligna, and acral lentiginous
- Exposure to sun
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Cellulitis
- Acute diffuse / spreading inflammation of skin and subcutaneous tissue
- Localized swelling, pain, heat, redness
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Dermatitis
- Any form of skin condition
- Dry skin, redness, itching, edema, lesions, and scaling
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Eczema
- Noncontagious acute or chronic
- Dry, red, itchy. scaly skin
- Watery discharge if becomes chronic
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Folliculitis
- Infection of hair folicle
- Formation of pustule
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Furuncles
- Boils
- Hard, pianful nodules enlarge over several days
- Rupture releasing pus and dead cells
- Single drainage point
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Carbuncles
- Begins as nodule
- Spreads to involve adjacent hair folicles
- Deep follicular abscesses of several follicles with multi drainage points
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Herpes Zoster
- Acute infectious process AKA Shingles
- Severe neuralogic pain along involved nerves
- Fever, malaise, eruption of vesicles in painful area
- Caused by varicella zoster virus (chickenpox)
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Hirsutism
- Most common symptom - facial hair
- Deepening voice, increase muscle mass
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Impetigo
- Contagious superficial skin infection of younger children
- From flat defined edges (macule) to raised lesion containing serus fluid (vesicle) to lesion with purulent material (pustule)
- Lesion breaks leaving yellow crust from exudate
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Keloid
Scar that developed excess dense tissue
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Lyme Disease
- Tick borne disease
- Bulls-eye red mark 3-30 days after bite
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Pediculosis
- Capitis - Head Lice
- Corporis - Body Lice
- Pubis - Pubic Lice
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Poison Ivy
- Dermatitis from contact from poison ivy plant
- Small blisters
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Psoriasis
- Chronic inflammatory condition
- Affected by environment
- Red papules that are covered with silvery scales
- Dry cracked and encrusted covering large areas
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Ringworm
- Fungus
- Tinea Capitis - Scalp
- Tinea Corporis - Body
- Tinea Pedia - Athlete's Foot
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Rosacea
- Chronic skin eruption
- Makes face and nose look flushed
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Scabies
- Skin infestation by itch mites
- Intense itching at night
- Spread by contact or sexual activity
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Urticaria
- Self limiting reaction to allergens
- Occurs during stressful or emotional times
- Produces distinct raised wheals
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Skin Diseases / Disorders
Verrucae (Warts)
- Noncancerous viral infection of skin
- Usually on extremities
- Caused by human papillomavirus
- Spread by direct contact
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Dermabrasion
- Controlled scraping of top layer of skin
- Removes scars from acne or accidents
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