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Peripheral Nervous System
- * The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of nerves that branch from the CNS (brain and spinal cord)
- * Two major sets of nerves: cranial and spinal
- * PNS can be subdivided into somatic (control) and autonomic (no control) nervous system
- * Somatic nervous system consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves that connect to the skin and skeletal system
- * Autonomic nervous system connect to visceral organs (heart, stomach, glands...)
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Spinal nerves
- * 31 pares of cranial nerves originate from the spinal cord
- * Mixed nerves that allow communication between the spinal cord and various parts of the body
- * 5 groups of nerves: cervical (8), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), coccygeal (1)
- * Spinal nerves form complex network called plexus
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Cervical plexuses [NECK]
- * Lie deep within the neck
- * Supply muscles and skin of the neck
- * Includes the phrenic [central respiration] nerve which innervates the diagram
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Cranial nerves
- * Olfactory nerve (I): sense of smell
- * Optic nerve (II): sense of vision
- * Oculomotor (III): movement of eye muscles
- * Trochlear (IV): movemetn of eye muscles
- * Trigeminal (V):
- o Sensory to face at the anterior scalp and the lacrimal glands, upper teeth, upper lip, behind the ear, and the lower lip
- o Motor to muscles for mastication and the floor of the mouth
- * Abducens (IV): motor fibers to the eye muscle
- * Facial nerve (V):
- o Sensory to taste
- o Motor to muscles of facial expression
- * Vestibulocochlear nerve(VI): sensory for balance and hearing
- * Glossopharaneal (IX):
- o Sensory to tongue and pharynx
- o Motor to pharynx and swallowing
- * Vagus nerve (X): sensory and motor to larynx, heart, and viscera
- * Accessory nerve(XI): motor to neck and upper muscles
- * Hypoglossal nerve(XII): motor fibers to tongue during chewing, speaking, and swallowing
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Brachial plexuses [ARM]
- * Located deep within the shoulder
- * Supply the skin and muscles of the arm, forearm, and the hand
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Lumbosacral plexuses [LEG]
- * Extend from the lumbar region of the back into the pelvic cavity
- * Supply the muscle and skin of the lower abdominal wall external genitalia, thighs, legs, and feet
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