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Kidney function
- Removal of waste, purification
- Controls blood volume, & electrolites
- Filters 200 liters of blood a day
- Right lower than left
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Kidney Structure
- Hilus-cleft in kidney
- Sinus- space made by hilus
- Pelvis-tube that leaves kidney
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Renin
Hormon that controls BP, secreted by kidney
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Eyethopoitine
Blood cell production
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Kidney layers
- Outer-renal fascia
- Middle-fat capsule
- Inner-renal capsule
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Ptosis
Lose of fat that supports kidney-prevents removal of urine, causes hydro-nephrosis
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Hydro-nephrosis
Death of the kidney due to drowning in urine
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Necrosis
Sudden death of tissue
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Apoptosis
Programed death of a cell-RBC
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Dark Cortex
Dark thick edge of kidney
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Medulla
- Tunneled, center, light area of kidney
- Has 8 lobes that lead to pelvis
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Lobes
In medulla, filters blood and sends it to the minor calyx then to major calyx
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Pyelitis
Infection of the pelvis that leaves kidney
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Nephron structure
- Bowmans capsule-proximal convoluted curve-loop of henle-distal convoluted curve-collecting duct
- Millions in kidney
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Renal vessel
- Afferent and Efferent
- Vessel twists itself so it can narrow and filter
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Efferent pathway
- Filtering starts here where vessels are the narrowest
- Just wastes goes through no blood vessels
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Glomerulus
Bundles of blood vessels in the Bowmans capsule formed by efferent vessels
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Vasorecta
- Blood supply to the loop of henle
- Water and salt are absorbed in this area so you don't dehydrate
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Juxtaglomerular Cells
- Maintain blood pressure
- Secretes Renin-detects drop in BP sends signal to release hormone to increase BP
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Macula Densa Cells
- Portion of the distal convoluted tubule that twists its way back up to Bowmans capsule
- Chemical receptor- senses salts and tells organs to regulate
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Mesangial Cells
Phagocytosis-eats invading cells
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Podocyte
- Small blood vessels with fenestrations
- Wrap around blood vessels in glomerulus squeezes blood vessel to remove wastes
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Fenestrations
- Holes on the blood vessels in the glomerulus
- Water and salt are the only thing that can go through
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Filtration Slits
Area where salt and water are squeezed through to be removed from body
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Afferent Arteriole
- Brings blood
- 18mm of pressure
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Glomerular pressure
Pressure increases to 55mm increasing filtration
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Hydrostatic Pressure
- Blood and its pressure
- Filtration rate 120-125mm per min
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Sieve layer
- Particles 3 nanometers or less
- No blood cells only ions, water, protein can pass
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Filtration Dependencies
- Surface are
- Permeability
- Net pressure
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Renin
- Controls BP
- Converts Angiotensinogen to Angiontensingen 2
- Controls absorption of sodium which increases H2O absorption back into blood which increases BP
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Salt and Water relation
Salt increases BP which increases water absorption
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Anuria
- Decrease in urine production
- Kidney failure 50ml no reabsorption
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Passive transport
- Water reabsorption
- No energy
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Aquaporins
- Doors or channels that water travels through to get reabsorbed
- At beginning of nephron
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Obligatory reabsorption
Water is obligated to be reabsorbed here by channels to get into blood
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Uria, creatin, uric acid
- ALL must leave in urine
- Formed by break down of proteins & nucleic acids
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Osmolarity
Amount of solute in solvent
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Vesspressin
Tells you when to pee-which tells the # of aquaporins to increase which increases the amount of water in blood
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Facultated water
Water put back into blood by the pressure of ADH-vesspressin
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Counter Current exchange mechanism
Determines where to produce diluted or concentrated urine
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Renal Clearance
- Checking of kidney function
- Done by measuring carbs
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Urine
- 95% water PH 6, alkaline Specific gravity 1.035
- Acetone=diabetes
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Diuretic
Increase urination
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Dialysis
Blood filtration machine
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Horse shaped kidney
Horse shaped kidney out of both kidneys
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Hypospadias
Opening of urethra is on top of penis
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Polisitic Kidney
Cyst that collects urine that can burst and leak into parietal cavity and cause infection
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Ureter
Pulses to send out urine
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Kidney stone
- Crystal stone that tear the lumen
- Salt, calcium, magnesium, uric acid crystals
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Lithotrypsy
Ultra sound waves to break up crystals
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Bladder
Transitional epithelial cells
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Internal Urethral Sphincter
Involentary
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External Urethral Sphincter
Voluntary action
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Urethratis
Inflammation of urethra
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Cystitis
Inflammation of bladder
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Micturition
Normal sending out of urine
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Urine amount
500 to 600 ml per pee
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