Pharmacology Final

Placebo effect with herbal supplements can contribute up to ____ % of the observed response

All statements reguarding positive benefits of herbal supplements should be reguarded as ___ and safety should be considered ___.

In charge of proving supplements to be un-safe

dietary supplements

3 most widely used species of echinacea

chemical constituents of echinacea

Most widely studied echinecia species

chicoric acid, alkamides and polysaccharides are most often noted as having

Human studies using E purpurea have shown

in vitro e purpurea increased production of

Isolated purified polysaccharides from E purpurea have shown

E purpura extract shows _____ in all cell lines

Certain echinacea constituents have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties invitro via inhibition of

Randomized controlled clinical trials involving echinacea for wound healing

echinacea is most often used in individuals who have

Meta analysis of 14 randomized trials for echinacea for cold treatment or prevention

Echinacea has been used investigationally to enhance

echinacea also used as an ajunct treatment of

E. purpurea is ineffective in treating

ADEs with echinacea

Echinacea should be avoided in these pts

Echinacea should not be used with

Echinacea should not be used as a preventative agent longer than

Vipers/pit vipers

Elapids

Pit viper venom (crotalid)

coral snake venom (micrurus)

Signs of crotalid bite

Micrurus symptoms

Snakebite treatment

Micrurus treatment

Maintain airways with

sedation and pain releif with pit vipers

sedation with Coral snake bites

Other drugs to avoid with snake bites

Venomous insect treatment

poisonous spiders

Black widow symptoms

Black widow toxin

Black widow treatment

Brown recluse toxins

Extensive tissue damage at site of brown recluse bite usually due to

Brown recluse symptoms

brown recluse treatment

scorpion bite symptoms

scorpion sting therapy