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what is the process called when cells divide to form reproductive cells
meiosis
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what are identical chromosomes called
homologous chromosomes
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what is it called when genetic information moves from one chromosomes to another
crossing over
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when does crossing over occur
prophase 1
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what type of cell is formed during meiosis
gametes (haploid)
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how many chromosomes do gametes(haploids) have
n
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what type of cell is a skin cell
somatic cell (diploid)
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what's another word for diploid
somatic
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what is a fertilized egg cell
zygote
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how many times does a cell divide during meiosis
2 times
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male gamete formation
- equal division
- spermatogenosis- process of making sperm
- form 4 gametes
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female gamete formation
- unequal division
- oogensis- process of making eggs
- form 1 gamete and 3 polar bodies
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what profession was Gregor Mendel
monk
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what type of organism did Gregor Mendel study
peas
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why did Gregor Mendel choose the organism in which he studied
- cross pollinate & self pollinate
- 2 distinct forms for every trait
- small
- produce offspring quickly
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what does f1 stand for
- first generation
- 2 parents mate
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homozygous
- has the same alleles for a specific trait
- ex: TT or tt
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heterozygous
- has different alleles for a specific trait
- ex: Tt
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dominant
- if inherited, will always be expressed
- CAPITAL LETTERS
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recessive
- both traits must be recessive to be expressed
- lower cased letter
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phenotype
- physical characteristic that is expressed
- ex: green eyes, blue eyes, brown eyes
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genotype
the allele pairs that an organism inherits
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what 2 conclusions did Mendel come up with
- Principle of Dominance- (dominant trait will always be expressed)
- Law of Segregation- (when gametes are formed alleles for a specific trait separate)
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what is it called when a cell has more than 2n chromosomes
polyploidy
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