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First-aid procedure designed to clear the airways of obstructing objects.
Abdominal thrust maneuver
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Oxygen starvation due to low atmospheric oxygen or interference with ventilation, external respiration, or internal respiration.
Asphyxia
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Inhalation of a foreign substance such as water, food, or a foreign body into the bronchial tree; also, the drawing of a substance in or out by suction.
Aspiration
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A respiratory disorder that is usally transmitted from one bird to another bird through their droppings, saliva, and nasal secretions.
Avian influenza
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A condition in which the lungs appear black instead of pink due to inhalation of coal dust over a period of many years.
Black lung disease
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A chronic dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles resulting from damage to the bronchial wall, for example, from respiratory infections.
Bronchiectasis
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An imaging technique used to visualize the bronchial tree using x-rays. After an opaque contrast medium is inhaled through an intratracheal catheter, radiographs of the chest various positions are taken, and the developed film, a bronchogram, provides a picture of the bronchial tree.
Bronchography
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Visual examination of the bronchi through a bronchoscope, and illuminated, flexible tubular instrument that is passed through the mouth (or nose), larynx, and trachea into the bronchi.
Bronchoscopy
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A repeated cycle of irregular breathing that begins with shallow breaths that increase in depth and rapidity and then decrease and cease altogether for 15-20 seconds.
Cheyne-Stokes repiration
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Painful or labored breathing.
Dyspnea
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Loss of blood from the nose due to trauma, infection, allergy, malignant growths, or bleeding disorders. It can be arrested by cautery with silver nitrate, electrocautery, or firm packing.
Epistaxis
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Slow and shallow breathing.
Hypoventilation
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The use of an automatically cycling device (ventilator or respirator) to assist breathing. A plastic tube is insterted into the nose or mouth and the tube is attached to a device that forces air into the lungs.
Mechanical ventilation
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Sounds sometimes heard in the lungs that resemble bubbling or rattling. Different types are due to the presence of an abnormal type or amount of fluid or mucus within the bronchi or alveoli, or to bronchoconstriction that causes turbulent airflow.
Rales
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An apparatus fitted to a mask over the nose and mouth, or hooked directly to an endotracheal or tracheotomy tube, that is used to assist or support ventilation or to provide nebulized medcation to the air passages.
Respirator
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